WoU-MMA: Collaborative Research: A Next-Generation SuperNova Early Warning System for Multimessenger Astronomy

WoU-MMA：合作研究：用于多信使天文学的下一代超新星早期预警系统

• 批准号: 1914447
• 负责人: Alec Habig
• 金额: $ 5万
• 依托单位: University of Minnesota Duluth
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2019-08-01 至 2023-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1914447&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: WoU; MMA; Collaborative; Research; Next

When a massive star reaches the end of its life, the core of the star collapses, producing a supernova. While visually spectacular, less than 1% of the energy in the supernova is released as visible light or as kinetic energy in the surrounding environment. Most of the energy from the supernova is carried away by neutrinos produced during the collapse of the core. In contrast to photons, neutrinos interact only very weakly with matter. They can therefore stream out of the supernova explosion without delay and thus arrive at Earth minutes to hours before the optical explosion may be visible. Detecting the first neutrinos from a supernova therefore provides an early alert to trigger further observations. The SuperNova Early Warning System (SNEWS) is a network of neutrino detectors around the world designed to provide automated early alerts for supernovae in our galaxy. While rare, a galactic supernova would provide a unique opportunity to study the physics of core-collapse supernova, as well as the properties of neutrinos. Alerts from SNEWS will enable observations of the earliest phases of the supernova for physicists and astronomers around the world. The SNEWS project works to engage amateur astronomers by involving them in this science, as they play an important role in optical observations of supernova.This award supports a collaborative group from several institutions to upgrade the existing SNEWS real-time alert system to include new detectors, and to prepare to better exploit the collective capabilities of these detectors. The team will model neutrino light curves and use those models to evaluate the expected signals in all available neutrino detectors. They will develop optimal methods for prompt determination of the supernova direction using both neutrino interaction anisotropies, as well as inter-experiment triangulation algorithms which will be based on relative observed timing of the neutrino signals. Prompt directional information will sharply improve the likelihood to detect the early onset of the light curve in multiple channels. This is crucial not only for the understanding of supernova explosions, but also for many other areas of physics including astrophysics, nuclear physics, and particle physics. Finally they will develop pre-supernova alerts based on the observation of the uptick in neutrino production that accompanies the final burning stages of a doomed star. This proposal also supports involvement of the amateur astronomy community in this exciting area of research, the creation of a topical planetarium show, as well as a smartphone app for use in education and alert dissemination.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

当一颗巨大的恒星达到生命的尽头时，恒星的核心崩溃了，产生了一个超新星。虽然在视觉上壮观，但在周围环境中，超新星中不到1％的能量被视为可见光或动能。来自超新星的大多数能量是由核心崩溃过程中产生的中微子带走的。 与光子相反，中微子仅与物质相互作用。 因此，它们可以毫不延迟地从超新星爆炸中流出，因此可以看到光学爆炸可能可见的几分钟到达地球。因此，从超新星检测第一个中微子提供了早期警报，以触发进一步的观察。超新星预警系统（SNEWS）是世界各地的中微子检测器网络，旨在在我们的银河系中为超新星提供自动的早期警报。虽然很少见，但银河系超新星将提供一个独特的机会来研究核心偏曲超新星的物理学以及中微子的特性。 Snews的警报将使超新星最早的物理学家和天文学家的最早阶段观察到。 STEWS项目致力于通过参与这本科学的业余天文学家，因为它们在超新星的光学观察中发挥了重要作用。该奖项支持来自多个机构的合作小组，以升级现有Snews实时警报系统以升级新的探测器，以包括新的检测器，并准备更好地利用这些检测器的集体能力。 团队将建模中微子光曲线，并使用这些模型来评估所有可用中微子探测器中的预期信号。 他们将开发最佳方法，以使用中微子相互作用各向异性以及实验间三角算法来迅速确定超新星方向，这些算法将基于中微子信号的相对观察到的时机。 迅速的方向信息将急剧提高在多个通道中检测光曲线早期发作的可能性。 这不仅对于了解超新星爆炸的理解至关重要，而且对于包括天体物理学，核物理学和粒子物理学在内的许多其他物理领域也至关重要。 最后，他们将根据对中微子生产的上微子上午产量的增长观察到的前中微子的燃烧阶段的最终燃烧阶段的观察，从而开发出苏佩诺诺娃的警报。 该提案还支持业余天文学界参与这一令人兴奋的研究领域，创建局部天文学节目，以及用于教育和警报传播的智能手机应用程序。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并通过使用该基金会的知识分子优点和广泛的影响来评估NSF的法定任务，并被认为是值得的。

项目成果

SNEWPY: A Data Pipeline from Supernova Simulations to Neutrino Signals

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac350f
• 发表时间: 2021-09
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: A. Baxter;S. BenZvi;Joahan Castaneda Jaimes;A. Coleiro;M. C. Molla;D. Dornic;Tomer Goldhagen;Anne Graf;S. Griswold;A. Habig;R. Hill;S. Horiuchi;J. Kneller;R. Lang;M. Lincetto;J. Migenda;K. Nakamura;E. O’Connor;A. Renshaw;K. Scholberg;C. Tunnell;Navya Uberoi;Arkin Worlikar

Collaborative experience between scientific software projects using Agile Scrum development

• DOI: 10.1002/spe.3120
• 发表时间: 2021-01
• 期刊: Software: Practice and Experience
• 作者: Amanda L. Baxter;S. BenZvi;W. Bonivento;Adam Brazier;Michael Clark;A. Coleiro;D. Collom;M. Colomer-Molla;B. Cousins;Aliwen Delgado Orellana;D. Dornic;V. Ekimtcov;Shereen ElSayed;A. Gallo Rosso;P. Godwin;S. Griswold;A. Habig;Remington Hill;S. Horiuchi;D. A. Howell;Margaret W. G. Johnson;M. Jurić;J. Kneller;A. Kopec;C. Kopper;V. Kulikovskiy;M. Lamoureux;R. Lang;S. Li;M. Lincetto;Lindy Lindstrom;M. Linvill;C. McCully;J. Migenda;D. Milisavljevic;S. Nelson;R. Novoseltseva;E. O’Sullivan;D. Petravick;B. Pointon;N. Raj;A. Renshaw;J. Rumleskie;T. Sonley;R. Tapia;J. Tseng;C. Tunnell;G. Vannoye;C. Vigorito;C. Virtue;Christopher N. Weaver;K. Weil;L. Winslow;R. Wolski;Xun-Jie Xu;Y. Xu

SNEWS 2.0: a next-generation supernova early warning system for multi-messenger astronomy

• DOI: 10.1088/1367-2630/abde33
• 发表时间: 2020-10
• 期刊: New Journal of Physics
• 影响因子: 3.3
• 作者: Soud Al Kharusi;S. BenZvi;J. Bobowski;W. Bonivento;V. Brdar;T. Brunner;E. Caden;M. Clark