PIRE: Bilingualism, mind, and brain: An interdisciplinary program in cognitive psychology, linguistics, and cognitive neuroscience

PIRE：双语、心灵和大脑：认知心理学、语言学和认知神经科学的跨学科项目

• 批准号: 0968369
• 负责人: Paola Dussias
• 金额: $ 280万
• 依托单位: Pennsylvania State Univ University Park
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-08-15 至 2017-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0968369&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: PIRE; Bilingualism; mind; brain; interdisciplinary

This PIRE project, a collaboration between three U.S. and seven foreign institutions in Europe and Asia, will investigate the cognitive and neural consequences of bilingualism to understand the ways in which multiple languages are learned and used. Recent behavioral and neuroscience evidence suggests that there is more extensive processing interaction between the two languages of a bilingual than previously thought, and this is true even when bilinguals are using only one language. Bilingual science therefore provides a tool for revealing fundamental principles about the mind and the brain otherwise obscured in research focused on monolinguals. The next stage of research on bilingualism calls for national and international collaborations to unify our understanding of the nature of the bilingual mind and brain, the process of bilingual language development, and the consequences of bilingualism for cognition. International collaboration is essential for accessibility to widely differing bilingual populations of several spoken, written, and signed languages. This award enables an international network of collaborators with common research goals and methods to exploit unique and complementary opportunities to investigate properties of human languages. Leveraging the diverse perspectives inherent in interdisciplinary and cross-cultural research will facilitate the establishment of a world-class research context for investigating bilingualism science, enable generalization of research findings, and exploit bilingualism as a tool for investigating the representation and processing of language in the mind and brain. This PIRE project will bring together the complementary international expertise of collaborators studying bilinguals who communicate in a variety of languages (e.g., Spanish, Catalan, Welsh, and Chinese). A unique feature of this project is the partnership of U.S. and Dutch scientists exploring the consequences of bimodal bilingualism in deaf people. The NSF-funded VL2 Science of Learning Center at Gallaudet University, a world leader in education for deaf students and research on topics related to deaf people, focuses on issues of visual language processing recognizing deaf readers as bilinguals using a signed language for communication yet reading a written language. Researchers in The Netherlands also study sign language and gesture, deaf literacy development, and speech-sign translation but using different signed and written languages. The convergence of these projects provides a unique opportunity for cross-linguistic collaboration and training that would not be possible in the U.S. alone.Enthusiasm for bilingualism research naturally draws an unusually diverse group of students, scientists, and research participants. This PIRE project will be committed to harnessing that excitement to create opportunities for broadening participation in science by research participants from a broad spectrum of ages and linguistic abilities, and by students and researchers from groups under-represented in the sciences. This PIRE project will provide training and research opportunities to students and scientists not possible without the international collaboration, such as conducting research abroad, participating in virtual international colloquia, developing and sustaining international collaborations, and training by industrial partners with specific expertise in speech, literacy, and neuroimaging. The project also provides institutional opportunities for research with diverse populations, enriching undergraduate, graduate, and post-doctoral training, and increasing opportunities for early career faculty to develop research programs globally engaged and solidly grounded in cross-disciplinary collaborations. The nature of the science of bilingualism is inherently interdisciplinary and cross-cultural and this project provides opportunities for the participating U.S. institutions to strengthen international offices and activities, develop survey tools to evaluate student's international experiences, and provide energy and synergy for integration and for strengthening links across disciplinary units. This project will strengthen the U.S.'s scientific capital through international training not otherwise available in the U.S. U.S. institutions will benefit from attracting international visiting researchers and students to enrich the internationalizing initiatives and cultures on their campuses. The U.S. population is also increasingly bilingual with ever-diversifying demographic and cultural characteristics so research results are expected to reach well beyond academia.U.S. project partners include The Pennsylvania State University, Gallaudet University (D.C.), and Haskins Laboratories at Yale University (CT). International partners include ESRC Centre for Research on Bilingualism in Theory and Practice, Bangor University (Bangor, UK), the Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences (Leipzig, Germany), Universidad de Granada (Granada, Spain), Universitat Pompeu Fabra (Barcelona, Spain), Radboud University Nijmegen (Nijmegen, The Netherlands), Beijing Normal University (Beijing, China), and the University of Hong Kong (China). This project was jointly funded by NSF's Office of International Science and Engineering and the Division of Behavioral and Cognitive Sciences.

这项PIRE项目是美国和亚洲的三个外国机构之间的合作，将调查双语主义的认知和神经后果，以了解学习和使用多种语言的方式。最近的行为和神经科学的证据表明，双语的两种语言之间的处理比以前想象的更广泛，即使双语者只使用一种语言，这也是如此。因此，双语科学提供了一种工具，可以揭示有关思想和大脑的基本原理，而大脑则在关注单语言的研究中被掩盖。关于双语的研究的下一个阶段要求国家和国际合作统一我们对双语思想和大脑本质的理解，双语语言发展的过程以及双语对认知的后果。国际合作对于可访问多种口语，书面和签名语言的双语人群的可访问性至关重要。该奖项使国际合作者网络具有共同的研究目标和方法，以利用独特的和互补的机会来调查人类语言的财产。利用跨学科和跨文化研究中固有的多种观点将有助于建立世界一流的研究环境，以研究双语科学，实现研究结果的概括以及利用双语为研究语言表现和处理思想和大脑的工具。这个PIRE项目将汇集研究双语者的合作者的补充国际专业知识，这些双语者以各种语言进行交流（例如西班牙，加泰罗尼亚，威尔士语和中文）。该项目的一个独特特征是美国和荷兰科学家的合作伙伴关系，探讨了聋人双语双语的后果。 Gallaudet University的NSF资助的VL2学习中心的VL2科学科学是聋哑学生的教育领域的领导者以及与聋人有关的主题的研究，重点是视觉语言处理的问题，将聋人读者识别为使用签名语言的聋人读者进行交流，但要阅读书面语言。荷兰的研究人员还研究手语和手势，聋哑素养发展以及语音符号翻译，但使用不同的签名和书面语言。这些项目的融合为跨语言的合作和培训提供了独特的机会，仅在美国就无法实现。双语研究自然会吸引一群异常多样的学生，科学家和研究参与者。这个PIRE项目将致力于利用这种兴奋，从而为来自各种各样的年龄和语言能力的研究参与者以及来自科学中代表性不足的团体的学生和研究人员创造机会。如果没有国际合作，例如在国外进行研究，参加虚拟国际校长，开发和维持国际合作以及由具有特定言论，识字和神经图像专业的工业伙伴培训，这项PIRE项目将为学生和科学家提供培训和研究机会。该项目还提供了各种人群，丰富本科，研究生和博士后培训的研究机构机会，并为早期职业教师提供了越来越多的机会，以开发全球参与的研究计划，并扎实地基于跨学科合作。双语科学的本质是固有的跨学科和跨文化，该项目为参与的美国机构提供了加强国际办公室和活动的机会，开发了评估学生的国际经验的调查工具，并为融合提供能量和协同作用，并加强跨学科单位的联系。该项目将通过美国机构不可用的国际培训来加强美国的科学资本，这将受益于吸引国际访问的研究人员和学生在其校园里丰富国际化计划和文化。美国人口也越来越多双语具有不断变化的人口和文化特征，因此研究结果预计将远远超出学术界。项目合作伙伴包括宾夕法尼亚州立大学，加洛德大学（D.C.）和耶鲁大学（CT）的哈斯金斯实验室。国际合作伙伴包括ESRC在理论与实践中的双语研究中心，班戈大学（英国班戈大学），马克斯·普朗克人类认知和脑科学研究所（德国莱比锡），格拉纳达（Granada，西班牙格拉纳达，西班牙）大学（中国北京）和香港大学（中国）。该项目由NSF的国际科学与工程办公室以及行为和认知科学部共同资助。