The behavioral and neurocognitive effects of bilingual experience on cognitive control and language processing: Implications for aging in two languages

双语体验对认知控制和语言处理的行为和神经认知影响：两种语言对衰老的影响

• 批准号: 10022540
• 负责人: Anne L Beatty-Martinez
• 金额: $ 1.19万
• 依托单位: MCGILL UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-06-01 至 2023-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10022540
• 关键词: Address; Adult; Affect; Age-Years; Age-associated memory impairment; Aging; Beds; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Buffers; Cognition; Cognitive; Cognitive aging; Communities; Complex; Dementia; Demographic Factors; Development; Education; Elderly; Entropy; Environment; Financial compensation; Goals; Habits; Health Care Sector; Immersion; Individual; Knowledge; Language; Learning Disabilities; Life; Life Experience; Light; Linguistics; Link; Longevity; Measures; Mediating; Mediation; Methods; Mind; Neurobiology; Neurocognitive; Neuronal Plasticity; Neurosciences; Participant; Patient Self-Report; Performance; Population; Process; Production; Quality of life; Recurrence; Research; Retrieval; Science; Societies; Stroke; Structure; Symptoms; System; Testing; Time; Training; Universities; Work; age group; age related; aging population; base; bilingualism; career; cerebral atrophy; cognitive control; cognitive function; cognitive neuroscience; cognitive performance; cognitive process; cognitive reserve; experience; experimental study; healthy aging; innovation; insight; language comprehension; language processing; lifestyle factors; negative affect; neglect; nervous system disorder; neuroimaging; phonology; preservation; protective effect; relating to nervous system; response; skills; social; spelling; young adult

Healthy aging negatively affects performance in specific aspects of cognitive and language function that are crucial for everyday life decisions and actions. Crucial to understanding and promoting successful aging is determining the impact of lifestyle factors such as bilingualism for particular neurocognitive functions. Bilinguals vary in their experience with respect to how, when, and where they use their languages, yet little research to date has examined the impact of diversity of bilingual experiences on language and cognitive function and brain organization. Here, we capitalize upon cutting edge cognitive neuroscience methods to investigate how differences in the social diversity of language use may modulate the impact of bilingualism on language and cognitive functioning over the adult lifespan. In doing so, this research will contribute to our knowledge about how the brain orchestrates its response to the demands of people’s life experiences and the extent to which neurobiological systems involved in language and cognitive control are plastic. This project has three specific aims. The first is to establish a link between the lifespan trajectory of language experience and how this may differentially modulate the impact of bilingualism on cognitive functioning. To examine variability in bilingual language experience, and cognitive control, French-English bilingual speakers ranging from 18-75 years of age will complete a battery of linguistic and cognitive measures. Participants will also be administered a new measure of language entropy, which characterizes diversity of language use across social spheres. Montreal provides a valuable test bed for testing the impact of these experiential factors while holding relatively constant other demographic factors that are known to influence language and cognitive functions (e.g., SES, education). Second, this proposal aims to determine the extent to which lifelong bilingualism provides compensation against age-related declines in language performance. We test to what extent cognitive control is engaged during language processing and how preserved cognitive control abilities in aging affects language performance. Finally, neuroimaging research shows that bilingualism is associated with structural differences in the brain; however, the extent to which bilinguals’ contexts of language use modulates these differences remains unclear. Thus, we aim to spell out the neural bases of adaptive changes related to bilingual language experience throughout the adult lifespan. Identifying these changes will not only have implications for further understanding healthy neuroplasticity and how the brain adapts to different kinds of experience, but will also lay the groundwork for understanding atypical brain development and neurological disorders (e.g., learning disabilities, stroke) in our increasingly bilingual population. Altogether, the cognitive and language science community at McGill University provides an environment that is exceptionally suited as a rich training ground in bilingualism and cognitive aging and in using neuroscience methods; this training will provide the applicant with interdisciplinary skills and knowledge as she moves towards an independent research career.

健康衰老会对认知和语言功能的特定方面的表现产生负面影响 对于日常生活的决定和行动至关重要。对于理解和促进成功的衰老至关重要是 确定生活方式因素（例如双语主义）对特定神经认知功能的影响。双语者 在他们如何，何时和在何处使用语言的经验各不相同，但很少研究 日期研究了双语体验多样性对语言和认知功能和大脑的影响 组织。在这里，我们利用了最先进的认知神经科学方法，以调查如何 语言使用的社会多样性的差异可能会调节双语对语言的影响和 成人寿命的认知功能。这样，这项研究将有助于我们对 大脑如何策划其对人们生活经历的需求的反应以及 涉及语言和认知控制的神经生物学系统是塑料。 该项目具有三个特定的目标。首先是在语言的寿命轨迹之间建立链接 经验以及这可能会不同地调节双语对认知功能的影响。到 检查双语语言体验和认知控制，法语英语双语演讲者的可变性 18-75岁的年龄将完成一系列语言和认知措施。参与者会 还可以管理一种新的语言熵量度，该语言的多样性在各种语言上使用 社会领域。蒙特利尔为测试这些专家因素的影响提供了宝贵的测试床 拥有相对恒定的其他人口统计学因素，这些因素已知会影响语言和认知 功能（例如SES，教育）。其次，该提议旨在确定终身双语的程度 为与年龄相关的语言表现下降提供补偿。我们测试认知的程度 控制在语言处理过程中，以及衰老影响中保留的认知控制能力如何 语言表现。最后，神经影像学研究表明，双语与结构有关 大脑的差异；但是，双语者的语言使用语言在多大程度上调节了这些 差异仍然不清楚。这，我们的目的是阐明与双语有关的自适应变化的神经基础 整个成人寿命中的语言经验。确定这些更改不仅会对 进一步了解健康的神经塑性以及大脑如何适应不同种类的经验，但会 还为理解非典型大脑发育和神经系统疾病的基础（例如，学习 在我们日益双语的人群中，残疾，中风）。完全是认知和语言科学 麦吉尔大学的社区提供了一个非常适合作为丰富训练场的环境 在双语和认知衰老以及使用神经科学方法中；该培训将为申请人提供 凭借跨学科的技能和知识，她走向独立的研究职业。