Collaborative Research: Enclaves, Labor Markets, and the Locational Choices of U.S. Immigrants in Economic Boom and Bust

合作研究：飞地、劳动力市场以及美国移民在经济繁荣和萧条中的地点选择

• 批准号: 0961232
• 负责人: Mark Ellis
• 金额: $ 30.39万
• 依托单位: University of Washington
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-07-15 至 2016-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0961232&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Enclaves; Labor; Markets

The foreign-born share of the U.S. population has risen to almost a record proportion, 12.6 percent in 2007. Immigrants to the U.S. increasingly are settling outside California and other traditional gateway states. In the last 20 years, immigrant populations have grown rapidly in the South and Midwest, regions that previously had been relatively untouched by the upswing in immigration that began half a century ago. Population growth in these areas stemmed from natural increase but more importantly from the in-migration of the native born. The credit-fueled boom that drew many immigrants to these new locations now has fizzled. Migration behavior also has changed. Fewer people (both immigrants and native-born) are migrating across state lines. Immigration also has slowed. Some states that had experienced rapid population growth now are facing population declines. This research project will document the settlement patterns of foreign-born immigrants within the country and compare them to the native-born population. The investigators will look specifically at US-born and foreign-born migration systems within the U.S. and are especially interested in analyzing how these two systems change over time, with a particular emphasis on the economic crisis of 2008-2010. They will compare the movement of immigrants within the US with movements of U.S.-born people in the context of the recent recession, with special emphasis given to determining whether foreign-born and U.S.-born workers respond to labor market signals in the same way. The investigators will test the hypothesis that immigrants will migrate within the U.S. in response to local economic crises in ways much like U.S.-born workers, leaving areas of high unemployment for areas with better job prospects. They also will seek to determine whether immigrants will be more reluctant to leave immigrant enclaves and that they will be drawn to these enclaves when they do move.By examining how migrants respond to the pull of enclaves of people from the same ethnic group and the geography of employment opportunities, by considering how these responses vary by skill and education level as well as by ethnic group, and by considering how migration behavior may differ in more recent economic hard times from what occurred in the generally prosperous era of the 1990s, the investigators will address a core theoretical tension between the geography of labor markets and ethnic enclaves as drivers of migration systems. The project's intellectual merit of this research will result from the measurement of their effects on immigrant internal migration across the economic cycle. Positive broader impacts will include the frequent and timely release of information on the evolving settlement geography and employment of immigrants during this recession and its aftermath through both scholarly and more applied media. The project also will provide education and training opportunities for undergraduate and graduate students and a postdoctoral researcher.

美国人口中外国出生的份额几乎达到了创纪录的比例，在2007年为12.6％。美国的移民越来越多地定居在加利福尼亚州和其他传统门户国家。在过去的20年中，南部和中西部的移民人口迅速发展，以前始于半个世纪前的移民的上升。 这些地区的人口增长源于自然的增加，但更重要的是源于本地诞生的移民。 现在，吸引了许多移民到这些新地点的信贷繁荣现在已经消失了。 迁移行为也发生了变化。 越来越多的人（移民和本地出生）跨国迁移。 移民也放慢了。 一些人口增长迅速的州目前正面临人口的下降。 该研究项目将记录国外外国出生移民的定居方式，并将其与本地出生的人口进行比较。 调查人员将专门研究美国境内出生的和外国出生的移民系统，并特别有兴趣分析这两个系统如何随着时间的流逝而变化，并特别强调了2008 - 2010年的经济危机。 他们将在最近的经济衰退的背景下将美国境内移民的运动与美国出生的人的运动进行比较，并特别强调确定外国出生和美国出生的工人是否以相同的方式对劳动力市场信号做出反应。 调查人员将检验以下假设，即移民将以像美国出生的工人一样的方式来应对当地经济危机，从而为有更好的工作前景的地区带来高失业的地区。 他们还将寻求确定移民是否会更不愿留下移民飞地，并在他们移动时被吸引到这些飞地。通过检查移民如何应对从同一民族中的人们和人民群体中的派遣者的拉力做出反应，并考虑如何通过在技能和教育水平来实现这些范围的方式，以及如何通过在技能和教育水平上进行范围来实现这些范围，并考虑如何通过这种方式来实现，并考虑如何通过这种方式来实现如何来实现这些行为，并考虑如何通过实现这些方式来实现，并考虑到如何通过实现的方式来实现，并考虑到如何通过这种方式来实现，并考虑如何通过实现这些范围来实现如何通过实现的行为来实现。在1990年代，通常繁荣的时代，研究人员将解决劳动力市场地理与族裔飞地作为移民系统驱动因素之间的核心理论张力。 该研究的智力优点将是由于其对整个经济周期中移民内部移民的影响的衡量所致。 积极的广泛影响将包括频繁，及时释放有关在衰退期间不断发展的定居地理和移民就业的信息，以及通过学术和更多应用媒体的余地。 该项目还将为大学生和研究生以及博士后研究员提供教育和培训机会。