CAREER: Life history transitions among the Toba in northern Argentina

职业：阿根廷北部托巴人生活史的转变

• 批准号: 0952264
• 负责人: Claudia Valeggia
• 金额: $ 51.64万
• 依托单位: University of Pennsylvania
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-08-15 至 2015-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0952264&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Life; history; transitions; among

Human life history is characterized by single births, large offspring, delayed maturation, relatively short inter-birth intervals, and a long post-reproductive lifespan. During human evolution, childhood and adolescence were added as new life history phases to the characteristic life history of social mammals. The transition from one life history phase to the next, e.g. from infancy to childhood or from reproductive to post-reproductive life, represents a physiological challenge that can be conceptualized as a trade-off. This project evaluates the interaction among biocultural variables underlying key life history transitions and identifies and describes the implicated trade-offs. The project takes place in an indigenous community (the Toba) in the province of Formosa, Argentina. Biological and ethnographic data are collected to evaluate the somatic, developmental, cultural, and hormonal correlates of three life history transitions: infancy-childhood, puberty, and menopause. Longitudinal anthropometric and demographic data collected since 1997 are combined with new quantitative and qualitative information to achieve the following objectives: 1) extending the longitudinal database by collecting village-wide anthropometric and life history event data annually for five years; 2) exploring the transition from birth to complete weaning using data on children's growth trajectories, development, nutrition, and health; 3) characterizing the pubertal transition in girls by analyzing data on growth, maturation, health, and hormonal changes; and 4) characterizing the menopausal transition by analyzing data on anthropometric, health, and hormonal changes at the end of women's reproductive life. Ethnographic data will provide crucial information on the cultural meaning of these transitions for the Toba and how this meaning interacts with biological processes.Results from this research will contribute directly to issues of evolutionary development biology, the biodemography of aging, and clinical medicine, as it relates specifically to patterns of child growth and women's aging. The project also promotes education in science for U.S. and Argentine undergraduate and graduate students, particularly women and minorities through direct participation in research activities.

人类生活史的特征是单一出生，大后代，延迟的成熟，相对较短的出生间隔和较长的后生成寿命。在人类进化期间，童年和青春期是社会哺乳动物的特征生活史的新生活史阶段。从一个人生历史阶段过渡到下一个阶段，例如从婴儿期到童年或从生殖到生殖后的生活，代表了一个可以概念化为权衡的生理挑战。该项目评估了关键生活历史过渡基础的生物文化变量之间的相互作用，并确定并描述了所涉及的权衡。 该项目发生在阿根廷福尔摩萨省的土著社区（Toba）。 收集生物学和民族志数据以评估三个生活史过渡的体细胞，发育，文化和激素相关性：婴儿期，青春期和更年期。自1997年以来收集的纵向人体测量和人口统计数据与新的定量和定性信息结合在一起，以实现以下目标：1）每年通过每年收集乡村范围内的人体测量和生活历史事件数据来扩展纵向数据库五年； 2）使用有关儿童成长轨迹，发育，营养和健康的数据探索从出生到完成断奶的过渡； 3）通过分析有关生长，成熟，健康和荷尔蒙变化的数据来表征女孩的青春期过渡； 4）通过分析女性生殖生活结束时人体测量，健康和激素变化的数据来表征更年期的过渡。民族志数据将提供有关TOBA这些过渡的文化含义以及这种含义如何与生物过程相互作用的关键信息。这项研究的分析将直接促进进化发展生物学，衰老的生物学学和临床医学的问题，因为它与儿童成长和妇女衰老的模式特别相关。 该项目还通过直接参与研究活动来促进美国和阿根廷本科生和研究生的科学教育，尤其是妇女和少数民族。