Doctoral Dissertation Research: Industrialized ecologies and infant gut microbiome development

博士论文研究：工业化生态学和婴儿肠道微生物组的发育

• 批准号: 2117557
• 负责人: Claudia Valeggia
• 金额: $ 2.52万
• 依托单位: Yale University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-09-01 至 2024-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2117557&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Research; Industrialized; ecologies

This award is funded in whole or in part under the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (Public Law 117-2). The human gut microbiome is a community of bacteria and other microorganisms that has co-evolved with humans and plays important roles in metabolism and health. Rapid global industrialization has led to changes in diet, lifestyle and medical practices, all of which may shape the early life development of the gut microbiome and its contribution to energy storage and fat deposition. This doctoral dissertation research project examines how infant feeding and care shape the development and energetic function of the gut microbiome and infant growth and fat deposition. The findings can inform the understanding of how evolutionarily novel environments interact with biology and culture and influence the development of the human microbiome and its contribution to growth in early life. The project provides training and mentoring in STEM for female scientists and involves science and public health outreach in local communities.This project integrates approaches from biocultural anthropology and evolutionary medicine to understand how early environments shape infant growth and metabolism through the gut microbiome. The primary aim of the project is to examine the impact of different complementary diets (an infant’s first non-milk foods) and antibiotic exposure on infant growth and the composition and energetic function of the gut microbiome during the weaning period. With a longitudinal cohort of mother-infant dyads in urban and rural settings, the investigators use next-generation sequencing and targeted metabolomics approaches to measure the composition of bacterial communities and short-chain fatty acids (markers of microbial energetic activity) in infant fecal samples. The investigators also collect qualitative and quantitative data on infant diet, health histories, antibiotic exposures, adiposity and growth rates from 4 to 8 months postpartum.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该奖项是根据2021年《美国救援计划法》（公法117-2）全部或部分资助的。人类肠道微生物组是一个细菌和其他微生物社区，与人类共同发展，在代谢和健康中起着重要作用。快速的全球工业化导致饮食，生活方式和医疗实践的变化，所有这些都可能影响肠道微生物组的早期生活发展及其对能量储存和脂肪沉积的贡献。该博士学位论文研究项目考试婴儿的喂养和护理如何塑造肠道微生物组和婴儿生长和脂肪沉积的发育和能量功能。这些发现可以告知人们对进化新颖环境如何与生物学和文化相互作用的理解，并影响人类微生物组的发展及其对早期生命增长的贡献。该项目为女性科学家提供了STEM的培训和心理化，并涉及当地社区的科学和公共卫生外展。该项目整合了生物文化人类学和进化医学的方法，以了解早期环境如何通过肠道微生物组塑造婴儿的成长和代谢。该项目的主要目的是研究不同完整饮食（婴儿的第一种非乳状食物）和抗生素暴露对婴儿生长的影响以及断奶时期肠道微生物组的组成和能量功能。在城市和农村环境中的纵向二元组中，研究人员使用下一代测序和靶向的代谢组学方法来测量细菌群落和短链脂肪酸的组成（微生物能量的标志物（微生物能量的标志））在婴儿繁殖力样品中。研究人员还收集有关婴儿饮食，健康历史，抗生素暴露，肥胖和增长率从产后4到8个月的定性和定量数据。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并通过使用基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛的影响审查标准来通过评估来诚实地支持。