Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Emergence of Complex Society in the Peruvian South Central Highlands: Perspectives on the Frontier of the Chavin Sphere of Interaction

博士论文改进补助金：秘鲁中南部高地复杂社会的出现：查文互动领域前沿的视角

• 批准号: 0950796
• 负责人: Richard Burger
• 金额: $ 2万
• 依托单位: Yale University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-11-15 至 2011-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0950796&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Improvement; Grant; Emergence

Under the direction of Dr. Richard Burger Mr. Yuichi Matsumoto will collect data for his doctoral dissertation. He will analyze archaeological materials from the site of Campanayuq Rumi in Vilcashuaman, Department of Ayacucho, Peru. Mr. Matsumoto conducted archaeological excavations at the site for two field seasons from 2007 to 2008. These excavations revealed that Campanayuq Rumi was one of the most important ceremonial centers in the central highlands of Peru during the Formative Period (1800-200 B.C.). Preliminary analysis of the materials obtained from his research suggests that Campanayuq Rumi functioned as a large ceremonial center under the strong religious influence of Chavín de Huántar, the most important ceremonial and pilgrimage center of the period, located 600km to the North. It also served as an important node of interregional interaction. It has been hypothesized that the central Andes witnessed the emergence of complex societies under the impetus of an expansion of religious ideology from Chavín de Huántar during the late Initial and Early Horizon Periods. While large ceremonial centers and social stratification emerged during this period along the coast and northern highlands, the south central highlands had been regarded as a "backwater" because of the lack of large civic-ceremonial centers. However Mr. Matsumoto's research at Campanayuq Rumi suggests the need to radically alter this position. The new evidence indicates that Campanayuq Rumi probably emerged as the focus of the first complex society of the region through the interaction with the more complex society of Chavín de Huántar and that it collapsed in accordance with the latter's decline. Emergence and transformation of complex societies remains as an important theoretical topic of anthropology and archaeology. Campanayuq Rumi provides an excellent setting to evaluate this process at a regional level and thus this project will help to consider the following broad theoretical issues: 1) How and why did a relatively egalitarian society based on corporate social groups develop complex hierarchical social arrangements by directly interacting with a distant more complex society? 2) How did the new complex system transform through time? 3) How did the interaction between these societies change diachronically? Accelerator Mass Spectrometry radiocarbon dating of the organic samples will provide a fine-grained chronological framework to consider these issues diachronically. X-ray fluorescence analysis of obsidian artifacts will help to enhance understanding of long distance exchange patterns during the Formative, which is necessary to understand interregional interaction.Beyond research questions of interest to archaeologists and anthropologists, this project will also contribute to local community identity by sharing the information of Campanayuq Rumi with them. The site has become crucial to the identity of local people in Vilcashuaman. Several educational institutions now visit the site to teach how the history of Vilcashuaman was deeper than the textbooks report. Because of the public attention paid to Campanayuq Rumi as a result of this research, the regional government of Ayacucho is trying to utilize Campanayuq Rumi as a tourist attraction to provide an economic benefit to the region. The new data from this project will help the plan by providing a strong academic foundation for these activities. Furthermore, Mr. Matsumoto will gain training as a graduate student in the method of analysis mentioned above.

在理查德·伯格（Richard Burger）博士的指导下，Yuichi Matsumoto先生将收集其博士学位论文的数据。他将分析秘鲁Ayacucho部Vilcashuaman Campanayuq Rumi所在地的考古材料。 Matsumoto先生从2007年至2008年在该地点进行了两个实地赛季的考古发掘。这些发掘表明，Campanayuq Rumi是秘鲁中部中部最重要的仪式中心之一（公元1800年至公元前）。对从他的研究获得的材料进行的初步分析表明，Campanayuq Rumi在ChavínDeHuántar的强烈宗教影响下充当大型礼仪中心，这是该时期最重要的仪式和朝圣中心，位于北部600公里。它也充当区域间相互作用的重要节点。据推测，中央安第斯山脉目睹了复杂社会的出现，这是在最初和早期的早期期间的ChavínDeHuántar扩大宗教思想的推动力。尽管在此期间沿着海岸和北高地出现了大型的礼仪中心和社会分层，但由于缺乏大型公民宣言中心，因此中南部高地被认为是“回水”。但是，松木在Campanayuq Rumi的研究表明，有必要从根本上改变这一立场。新的证据表明，通过与更复杂的查文·德·霍阿塔尔（ChavínDeHuántar）社会的互动，坎帕纳尤克·鲁米（Campanayuq Rumi）可能成为该地区第一个复杂社会的重点，并且随着后者的下降而崩溃。复杂社会的出现和转变仍然是人类学和考古学的重要理论主题。 Campanayuq Rumi提供了一个绝佳的环境，可以在区域层面评估这一过程，因此该项目将有助于考虑以下广泛的理论问题：1）基于企业社会群体基于企业社会群体的相对平等社会如何以及为什么通过直接与独特的复杂社会进行直接互动来开发复杂的等级社会安排？ 2）新的复杂系统如何随着时间的推移而变化？ 3）这些社会之间的相互作用是如何经历时间变化的？有机样品的加速器质谱放射性碳二碳预期将提供一个细粒度的年代框架，以便将这些问题进行简短考虑。黑曜石工件的X射线荧光分析将有助于增强对形成过程中对长距离交换模式的理解，这对于了解区域间相互作用是必不可少的。Beyond研究对档案和人类学家感兴趣的研究问题，该项目还将通过与他们共享Campanayuq Rumi的信息来为当地社区的身份做出贡献。该网站对Vilcashuaman的当地人身份至关重要。现在，几家教育机构访问该网站，以教导Vilcashuaman的历史比教科书报告更深。由于这项研究引起了公众对Campanayuq Rumi的关注，Ayacucho地区政府正试图利用Campanayuq Rumi作为旅游胜地，为该地区提供经济利益。该项目的新数据将通过为这些活动提供强大的学术基础来帮助该计划。此外，Matsumoto先生将在上述分析方法中获得研究生的培训。