Doctoral Dissertation Improvement Grant: Soconusco Formative Project

博士论文改进补助金：Soconusco 形成项目

• 批准号: 0210997
• 负责人: Richard Burger
• 金额: $ 1.2万
• 依托单位: Yale University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-05-15 至 2003-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0210997&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Doctoral; Dissertation; Improvement; Grant; Soconusco

Under the direction of Dr. Richard Burger, Mr. Robert Rosenswig will collect data for his doctoral dissertation. He will continue his archaeological settlement survey in the Cuauhtemoc zone of the Soconusco, located on the southern Pacific coast of Chiapas, Mexico. The region is particularly significant as it includes some of the first sedentary communities in Mesoamerica and the earliest evidence of emergent social complexity and political hierarchy between approximately 1550 and 650 BC. The Soconusco also has the best evidence in Mesoamerica of direct interaction with the Gulf Coast Olmec - the first civilization the region. A pedestrian survey will systematically cover 50 sq km and map changing political organization across the landscape. This survey will take advantage of existing trenches dug for banana irrigation to provide accurate subsurface information over a large area. With reliable surface-subsurface correspondence, the distribution of settlements will be documented with a degree of confidence not often possible with regional surface survey. Power and hierarchy are arguably the most fundamental issues addressed by anthropology and most other social sciences. Explaining the emergence of sociopolitical hierarchy over centuries and millennia is a job ideally suited to archaeology. Social scientists study the structure and dynamics of unequal power relations in contemporary contexts. However, these scholars are generally limited to a temporal breadth of decades, or with the help of historical documents a few centuries. Archaeologists are in a unique position to explore the origins of the institutionalized hierarchy that permeates every aspect of modern life. Mr. Rosenswig's research will track the development of sociopolitical complexity in the Cuauhtemoc survey zone over nearly a millennia and will help to determine the nature of relations between local elites and their Olmec counterparts who resided in Mexico's Gulf Coast. Did sociopolitical complexity in the Soconusco coalesce as a result of contact with the Gulf Coast Olmec of Tabasco and Veracruz? Did the Gulf Coast Olmec actually make incursions into the Soconusco? Alternatively, is the impact of the Gulf Coast over-emphasized in models of Formative Mesoamerican society? These competing hypotheses revolve around the nature of an "Olmec Horizon" and strive to understand Early and Middle Formative society and the nature of relations between distant regions of Mesoamerica.Taking advantage of modern irrigation ditches and lack of later period occupation, the proposed survey will provide reliable demographic changes at a regional scale. The results of this study will further our understanding of the relationship between local and interregional processes during the emergence of sociopolitical complexity in the Soconusco. This research is also significant cross-culturally as Mesoamerica is one of only a handful of areas in the world where sociopolitical complexity emerged independently and the Soconusco contains some of the earliest societies where this occurred. Mr. Rosenswig's research will document the manner in which incipient sociopolitical complexity emerged and will also assist in training a promising young scientist.

在理查德·伯格（Richard Burger）博士的指导下，罗伯特·罗森斯维格（Robert Rosenswig）先生将收集其博士学位论文的数据。他将继续在位于墨西哥恰帕斯南部太平洋海岸的Soconusco的Cuauhtemoc地区进行考古定居点调查。该地区特别重要，因为它包括中美洲的一些久坐的一些久坐社区，以及最早的社会复杂性和政治等级制度的最早证据。 Soconusco在中美洲的中美洲也有最好的证据与墨西哥湾沿岸Olmec（该地区的第一个文明）直接互动。行人调查将系统地覆盖50平方公里，并在整个景观中改变地图改变政治组织。这项调查将利用挖出香蕉灌溉的现有战es，在大面积上提供准确的地下信息。有了可靠的表面表面对应关系，将在区域表面调查中以不可能的置信度记录定居点的分布。权力和等级制度可以说是人类学和大多数其他社会科学解决的最根本问题。在几个世纪以来，解释社会政治等级制度的出现是一项非常适合考古学的工作。社会科学家研究当代背景下不平等权力关系的结构和动态。但是，这些学者通常仅限于数十年的时间广度，或者借助几个世纪的历史文件。考古学家处于独特的位置，可以探索渗透到现代生活的各个方面的制度化等级制度的起源。 Rosenswig先生的研究将在近几千年中追踪Cuauhtemoc调查区中社会政治复杂性的发展，并将有助于确定居住在墨西哥墨西哥湾沿岸的当地精英与其Olmec同行之间关系的性质。由于与塔巴斯科和韦拉克鲁斯的墨西哥湾沿岸OLMEC接触，Soconusco的社会政治复杂性是否合并？墨西哥湾沿岸的Olmec实际上是入侵Soconusco的吗？另外，在形成性中美洲社会模型中，墨西哥湾沿岸的影响是否过于强调？这些竞争的假设围绕着“ Olmec Horizo​​n”的性质，并努力理解早期和中间形成性的社会以及中美洲遥远地区之间关系的性质。现代灌溉沟渠的利用优势和缺乏以后的职业，拟议的调查将在区域规模上提供可靠的人口统计学变化。这项研究的结果将进一步理解社会政治复杂性在Soconusco的出现期间的地方和区域间过程之间的关系。这项研究在跨文化上也很重要，因为中美洲是世界上少数几个社会政治复杂性独立出现的领域之一，而Soconusco则包含发生这种情况的一些最早的社会。罗森斯维格（Rosenswig）先生的研究将记录出初期的社会政治复杂性的方式，并将有助于培训有前途的年轻科学家。