ULTRA-Ex: Collaborative Research: How Do Feedbacks Between Governance and Biophysical Systems Affect the Resilience of Urban Socioecological Systems?

ULTRA-Ex：协作研究：治理和生物物理系统之间的反馈如何影响城市社会生态系统的弹性？

• 批准号: 0949042
• 负责人: Stephen Bollens
• 金额: $ 3.13万
• 依托单位: Washington State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-09-01 至 2015-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0949042&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: ULTRA; Ex; Collaborative; Research; How

The rapid growth of urban concentrations poses major challenges to local and global ecosystems and tests the very limits of governance. New urban growth can reduce and fragment nonhuman habitats, introduce exotic organisms, and severely modify energy flow and nutrient cycles, while urban development severely affects hydrological cycles and air quality, reducing the capacity of an ecosystem to absorb disturbance. These challenges will require that planners, program designers, and environmental managers keep pace with the concomitant spatial, political, and economic transformations while reducing the adverse ecological impact of urban developments. In the face of these challenges, new forms of complex social, political and economic decision making systems are evolving. This interdisciplinary research project is designed to improve understanding of resilience in urban socioecological systems, with the over-arching question: How do human governance and biophysical systems respond interactively to both press and pulse disturbances in urban socio-ecological systems? The investigators will focus on Portland, Oregon, and Vancouver, Washington, two cities in a single metropolitan area that have developed over the last 30 years under contrasting policy regimes at the state, regional, and local levels. The investigators will pursue three major research questions: (1) How do differences in local and state levels of governance and policy affect the resilience of both social and ecological landscapes? (2) How do alternative land-use planning strategies affect provision of ecosystem services in response to different disturbance factors? (3) How effectively do the processes and outcomes of monitoring ecosystem services provide a usable feedback loop in urban socioecological systems? Their research design will consist of four focused research projects and two project-wide unifying activities. The first research project will examine governance effects on the spatial pattern and timing of development at the regional scale. The second project will examine relationships among disturbances resulting from development and urban water quality. The third project will focus on riparian vegetation changes, and the fourth project will focus on green infrastructure, with both examining the exchange and use of information and interactions among social actors at the city and neighborhood scales. The two cross-cutting activities will complement the research projects by focusing on how urban residents perceive and manage urban ecosystem resources. The first activity will examine civic ecology and information for decision making. The investigators will apply a common framework to all four research projects to study how ecological information feeds back into societal decision making. The second activity will engage secondary school teachers and their students in the Portland-Vancouver region in urban environmental restoration and research projects. The project will create and support networks of teachers, youth, and organizations conducting ecological research and will develop and test meaningful measures of how teacher and youth involvement in ecological projects contributes to urban resilience.The intellectual merit of the project includes micro-level and meso-level foci on the connections among human perceptions, citizen engagement, and ecosystem services in developing urban resilience, which should lead to insights about how human systems adapt to disturbance. The study area, a metropolitan region containing cities with contrasting governance systems and starkly different land-use policies, is well suited for analysis and comparison of complex interactions between social and ecological systems. Portland's "sustainability mystique" will be scrutinized and assessed both socioeconomically and ecologically. Inclusion of external forces of population growth and climate change while simultaneously examining internal community adaptations will help identify unanticipated feedback loops or failures. The broader impacts of this project will include creation of a network of learners in urban areas that cross jurisdictional, disciplinary, institutional, and geographic boundaries. Research findings will be put in place experimentally and institutionally by cities and metropolitan agencies interested in building on the synergies found in integrative approaches to management. These results should help break down past divisions between socioeconomic and ecological thinking and help improve understanding and application of factors controlling how human governance affects socioecological resilience in urban areas. This award was funded as an Urban Long-Term Research Area Exploratory (ULTRA-Ex) award as the result of a special competition jointly supported by the National Science Foundation and the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service.

城市浓度的快速增长对地方和全球生态系统构成了重大挑战，并测试了治理的极限。 新的城市增长可以减少和碎片非人类栖息地，引入异国生物，并严重改变能量流和营养周期，而城市发展则严重影响了水文周期和空气质量，从而降低了生态系统吸收干扰的能力。 这些挑战将要求规划人员，计划设计师和环境经理与伴随的空间，政治和经济转型保持同步，同时减少城市发展的不利生态影响。 面对这些挑战，复杂的社会，政治和经济决策系统的新形式正在发展。 这个跨学科研究项目旨在提高对城市社会生态系统中的弹性的理解，并提出了一个超大的问题：人类治理和生物物理系统如何对城市社会生态系统的新闻和脉搏干扰进行互动响应？ 调查人员将专注于波特兰，俄勒冈州和华盛顿温哥华，这是一个单一都市地区的两个城市，这些城市在过去30年中在州，地区和地方一级的政策制度下发展了。 研究人员将提出三个主要的研究问题：（1）地方和州治理和政策一级的差异如何影响社会和生态景观的韧性？ （2）替代土地利用计划策略如何影响生态系统服务的提供，以应对不同的干扰因素？ （3）监测生态系统服务的过程和结果如何为城市社会生态系统提供可用的反馈循环？ 他们的研究设计将包括四个重点研究项目和两个项目范围的统一活动。 第一个研究项目将研究对区域范围内空间模式和发展时间的治理影响。 第二个项目将研究因发展和城市水质引起的干扰之间的关系。 第三个项目将重点放在河岸植被变化上，第四个项目将集中于绿色基础设施，既研究城市和邻里规模的社会参与者之间信息的交流和使用和互动。 这两项横切活动将通过关注城市居民如何看待和管理城市生态系统资源来补充研究项目。 第一个活动将检查公民生态学和信息以进行决策。 研究人员将向所有四个研究项目应用一个共同的框架，以研究生态信息如何反馈社会决策。 第二项活动将与中学教师及其学生在波特兰 - 温哥华地区的城市环境恢复和研究项目中吸引。 该项目将建立和支持进行生态研究的教师，青年和组织的网络，并将开发和测试有意义的衡量师生和青年参与生态项目的参与如何有助于城市的恢复能力。干扰。 该研究区是一个包含具有对比治理系统的城市和截然不同的土地利用政策的大都市地区，非常适合分析和比较社会和生态系统之间的复杂相互作用。 波特兰的“可持续性神秘”将在社会经济和生态上进行审查和评估。 包括人口增长和气候变化的外部力量，同时研究内部社区的适应将有助于确定意外的反馈循环或失败。 该项目的更广泛影响将包括在跨越管辖，纪律，机构和地理边界的城市地区建立学习者网络。 研究发现将由有兴趣建立在综合管理方法中发现的协同作用的城市和大都市机构在实验和制度上进行实验。 这些结果应有助于打破社会经济和生态思维之间过去的分歧，并有助于改善控制人类治理如何影响城市地区社会生态弹性的因素的理解和应用。 由于国家科学基金会和美国农业森林服务部共同支持的特别竞争，该奖项是作为城市长期研究领域探索性（ULTRA-EX）奖的资助。