Izapa Regional Settlement Project

伊萨帕地区定居点项目

• 批准号: 0947787
• 负责人: Robert Rosenswig
• 金额: $ 28.06万
• 依托单位: SUNY at Albany
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-05-01 至 2014-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0947787&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Izapa; Regional; Settlement; Project

With National Science Foundation support, Dr. Robert Rosenswig will investigate the history of the Izapa state by collecting regional settlement data from the Soconusco region of Chiapas, Mexico. The resulting data will help document the emergence of hierarchical society centered at Izapa by at least the Late Formative period (350-100 BCE), and determine the political nature of the polity's persistence until the Early Postclassic period (CE 1000-1350). The research will contribute theoretically to an understanding of the origins and development of state-level society by documenting the important and poorly understood Izapa polity during its rise, florescence and eventual collapse. The project will implement a survey strategy that compares changes between three environmental zones in the Soconusco. Survey efforts will be complemented with limited test excavations from a site dating to each the Formative, Classic and Postclassic periods. At its most basic level, the proposed research asks: how did our stratified world evolve from the egalitarian hunter-gatherers that constitute most of human history? After over 100,000 years of the existence of modern humans on earth, hierarchical forms of political organization emerged around the world less than ten millennia ago. Power and hierarchy are fundamental issues addressed by many social sciences and archaeologists are in a unique position to explore the origins and development of the institutionalized hierarchy that permeates modern life. In contrast to most regions of Mesoamerica where Classic period states are the primary focus of study, the Soconusco provides a case where early political innovations are currently far better understood than the subsequent rise of the Izapa state. Izapa is surprisingly poorly understood considering that it is one of the largest sites on the Pacific coast of Mesoamerica and it has been well-known since the 1940s when its mounds and sculptures appeared in the pages of the National Geographic Magazine. Despite the high-quality maps of monumental architecture at its core, the full extent of Izapa is unknown. Further, the overall demographic patterns of Izapa's sustaining area are unknown as are the number and distribution of lower-tier centers from any time in the site's long occupation. This project will document these demographic and political patterns, and how they changed over time. The broader impact of this research is to document the political history of Izapa, and thereby increasing awareness of archaeological resources in the region. Izapa is the only site in the Soconusco open for tourism and expanding what is known of its political history will contribute to local as well as Mexican national cultural heritage. One of the most enduring ways in which this will be done is by initiating a program of outreach to local schools through the development of teaching materials. University of Albany graduate student Marx Navarro was born and raised in Tapachula and he will spearhead this endeavor and provide an example of what local school children could aspire to. Two other University of Albany gradate students will base their dissertations research on data collected by this project and two Costa Rican students will participate in the research.

在国家科学基金会的支持下，罗伯特·罗森斯维格博士将通过收集墨西哥恰帕斯州索科努斯科地区的区域定居数据来研究伊萨帕州的历史。由此产生的数据将有助于记录至少在形成期晚期（公元前 350-100 年）以伊萨帕为中心的等级社会的出现，并确定直到后古典时期早期（公元 1000-1350 年）政体持续存在的政治性质。该研究通过记录重要但鲜为人知的伊萨帕政体的兴起、全盛期和最终崩溃的过程，将从理论上有助于理解国家级社会的起源和发展。该项目将实施一项调查策略，比较索科努斯科河三个环境区之间的变化。调查工作将辅之以对可追溯至形成期、古典期和后古典期各个时期的遗址进行的有限测试发掘。在最基本的层面上，拟议的研究提出了这样的问题：我们的分层世界是如何从构成人类历史大部分的平等狩猎采集者演变而来的？现代人类在地球上存在了十万多年之后，不到十千年前，等级制度形式的政治组织在世界各地出现。权力和等级制度是许多社会科学要解决的基本问题，考古学家处于独特的地位来探索渗透到现代生活的制度化等级制度的起源和发展。中美洲的大多数地区以古典时期的国家为研究的主要焦点，而索科努斯科地区则相反，索科努斯科地区提供的案例表明，早期的政治创新目前比随后的伊萨帕国家的崛起更容易被理解。令人惊奇的是，人们对伊萨帕的了解却很少，因为它是中美洲太平洋沿岸最大的遗址之一，而且自 20 世纪 40 年代其土丘和雕塑出现在《国家地理》杂志的版面以来就已广为人知。尽管其核心有纪念性建筑的高质量地图，但伊萨帕的全部范围仍是未知的。此外，伊萨帕维持区域的总体人口模式尚不清楚，该地点长期占领期间的低层中心的数量和分布也是未知的。该项目将记录这些人口和政治模式，以及它们如何随时间变化。这项研究更广泛的影响是记录伊萨帕的政治历史，从而提高对该地区考古资源的认识。伊萨帕是索科努斯科省唯一一个开放旅游的景点，扩大其政治历史的了解将为当地以及墨西哥国家文化遗产做出贡献。实现这一目标的最持久的方法之一是通过开发教材启动一项向当地学校推广的计划。奥尔巴尼大学研究生马克思·纳瓦罗 (Marx Navarro) 在塔帕丘拉出生和长大，他将带头开展这项工作，并为当地学童提供一个榜样。另外两名奥尔巴尼大学研究生将根据该项目收集的数据进行论文研究，两名哥斯达黎加学生将参与该研究。