The Role Of Competition In The Development Of Societal Complexity

竞争在社会复杂性发展中的作用

• 批准号: 1418988
• 负责人: Robert Rosenswig
• 金额: $ 18.69万
• 依托单位: SUNY at Albany
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2014-07-01 至 2017-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1418988&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Role; Competition; Development; Societal; Complexity

The fundamental goal of this and similar archaeological research is to understand the processes through which complex societies arise. How in technologically simple societies do social entities which bind thousands of individuals into functioning political and economic networks arise? Archaeology, because it can trace such developments, often over millennia, provides an important source of insight. The research will contribute to understanding incipient state power by documenting the important prehistoric Middle American polity and evaluating whether it emerged as a single state or in competition with the newly recognized larger center. The first phase of this research documented the extent of the site for the first time. NSF support also allowed the documentation of changing overall occupation levels in three adjacent environments and provided a glimpse of regional political organization through eight lower-order monumental centers. The second stage of research will determine the nature of incipient state power.The principal investigator Dr. Robert Rosenswig will collect lidar (remotely sensed areal imagery) data and undertake one field season of pedestrian settlement survey to document the emergence of the Izapa state in the Soconusco region of Mexico. This is the second stage of research and builds on existing lidar data and pedestrian survey data funded by the NSF. Lidar is a new and exciting technology that employs pulses of light to penetrate thick tropical vegetation and map terrestrial features below. The site of Izapa has long been recognized as an important center consisting of 100s of mounds and the heart of a regional style of public art. The research will determine whether Izapa arose as the only political center in the region or if it developed in competition with the newly discovered center of Las Viudas. To evaluate these alternate possibilities, all Formative period (850 BCE - CE 100) monumental centers will be mapped to determine their regional distribution in relation to Izapa and Las Viudas. The orientation and internal layout of each lower order centers (of which there is an estimated 30 more to be documented) will be very accurately documented using lidar, allowing for site planning patterns to be reconstructed at a regional scale. In addition to Prehispanic occupation of the region, these lidar data will document the hydrology of streams, creeks and rivers in the economically important Soconusco. Located as it is at the base of the Sierra Madre, the region is prone to flooding and was devastated following Hurricane Stan in 2005. These new data will allow the identification of river buffer areas eroded in the past and subject to current erosion risk. With this information, both archaeological sites and modern communities at risk from future flood-related erosion will be identified and this information shared with local officials.

这一和类似的考古研究的基本目标是了解复杂社会出现的过程。在技​​术上简单的社会中，如何将成千上万个个人绑定到运作的政治和经济网络中？考古学，因为它可以追溯到几千年以来的这种发展，它提供了重要的见解来源。这项研究将通过记录重要的史前中级政治，并评估其是否成为单一州或与新认可的较大中心竞争，从而有助于理解初期国家的力量。这项研究的第一阶段首次记录了该站点的程度。 NSF的支持还允许记录在三个相邻环境中改变整体职业水平的文档，并通过八个低阶纪念性中心瞥见了区域政治组织。研究的第二阶段将确定初期国家权力的性质。罗伯特·罗森斯维格（Robert Rosenswig）博士将收集Lidar（远程感知的面积图像）数据，并进行人行道和解调查的一个实地季节，以记录Izapa State在墨西哥Soconusco地区的出现。这是研究的第二阶段，基于NSF资助的现有LiDAR数据和行人调查数据。 LiDAR是一项新的令人兴奋的技术，它采用光脉冲来穿透厚厚的热带植被，并在下面绘制陆地特征。长期以来，伊扎帕（Izapa）的遗址被认为是一个重要的中心，该中心由100个土墩组成，是区域性公共艺术风格的核心。该研究将确定IZAPA是否是该地区唯一的政治中心，还是与新发现的Las Viudas中心竞争。为了评估这些替代可能性，将绘制所有形成期（公元前850年-CE 100），以确定其相对于Izapa和Las Viudas的区域分布。每个低阶中心的方向和内部布局（估计还有30个要记录的）将非常准确地记录在LIDAR上，从而使站点计划模式可以在区域规模上重建。除了对该地区的前跨职业外，这些LIDAR数据还将记录经济上重要的Soconusco中流，小溪和河流的水文学。该地区位于马德雷（Sierra Madre）的基地，容易出现洪水，并在2005年飓风后遭受摧毁。这些新数据将允许识别过去侵蚀的河流缓冲区，并遭受当前侵蚀风险。有了这些信息，将发现考古遗址和现代社区面临未来与洪水有关的侵蚀风险的风险，并与当地官员共享这些信息。