Collaborative Research: Searching for Links Between Genotype and Phenotype in the Evolution of Air Breathing, Hypoxia, and Terrestriality in Gobies

合作研究：寻找虾虎鱼空气呼吸、缺氧和陆地性进化中基因型和表型之间的联系

• 批准号: 0922569
• 负责人: Martin Tresguerres
• 金额: $ 56.05万
• 依托单位: University of California-San Diego Scripps Inst of Oceanography
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-01 至 2013-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0922569&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Searching; Links; Between

"This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5)." This study will investigate aspects of aerial respiration and amphibious capacity in mudskipper fishes (Family Gobiidae), which are renowned for their capacity to live out of water. The research will probe the genetic bases for the evolutionary progression of the mudskippers from forms that only used air-breathing as an emergency response to low environmental oxygen conditions to forms that spend extended periods out of water and thus have become highly dependent upon air breathing. The radiation of mudskippers into ecological niches requiring higher degrees of terrestriality parallels the evolutionary sequence of the early tetrapods and this study will employ mudskippers as a model group for investigating physiological aspects of the adaptations underlying the tetrapod progression onto land during the Late Paleozoic Era (~380-250 million years ago, mya). In the late Devonian Period (380-360 mya), atmospheric oxygen was low (13-17%) but then increased to 30-35% in the Carboniferous-Early Permian (360-280 mya). The research on mudskippers will test theories suggesting that atmospheric oxygen levels affected the vertebrate land radiation. This will be done by measuring the effect of ambient oxygen levels on mudskipper performance on a terrestrial treadmill enclosed in an atmospheric chamber. In addition, time-series comparisons of post-exercise levels of nutrients (glucose) and metabolites (lactic acid), blood properties, and other indices of metabolic state will be made for gobies that differ in their degree of specializations for terrestrial life. Also to be studied is the genetic link between the extent of time a mudskipper spends out of water and its capacity for air breathing. This will be done by comparing how the gene-expression profiles of different species are altered by exercise and prolonged air exposure. The proposed research will involve the training and mentoring of undergraduate, graduate, and post doctoral students and thus continue to promote teaching, training, and learning.

“该裁决是根据2009年《美国复苏与再投资法》（公法111-5）资助的。”这项研究将调查泥泞鱼类（gobiidae family gobiidae）的空中呼吸和两栖能力的各个方面，这些方面以其居住的能力而闻名。 这项研究将探究泥币从仅使用空气呼吸作为对低环境氧气条件的紧急响应形式的形式的进化进展，从而将长时间从水中消耗出来的形式，从而高度依赖空气呼吸。 需要更高程度的陆地性的泥浆弹药辐射与早期四足动物的进化顺序相似，这项研究将采用泥浆作为一个模型组，以研究在古生物时代后期陆地上陆地上陆地上的适应性的生理方面的模型组（约380-20亿年前的陆地）。 在泥盆纪晚期（380-360 MYA）中，大气中的氧气低（13-17％），但在石炭纪 - 美洲二叠纪（360-280 Mya）中增加到30-35％。 关于泥币的研究将测试理论，表明大气中的氧水平影响了脊椎动物的土地辐射。 这将通过测量环境氧气水平对泥匠性能的影响对大气室内包围的陆地跑步机的影响。 此外，将对养分后的营养水平（葡萄糖）和代谢产物（乳酸），血液特性和代谢状态的其他指数进行时间序列比较，以使其在陆生寿命方面不同程度上有所不同。 还需要研究的是，泥船在水中花费的时间与空气呼吸的能力之间的遗传联系。 这将通过比较如何通过运动和长时间的空气暴露来改变不同物种的基因表达谱。 拟议的研究将涉及对本科，研究生和博士后学生的培训和指导，从而继续促进教学，培训和学习。