Collaborative Research: CEDAR: Searching for the Strongest Thermospheric Wind and Highest Temperature inside Strong Thermal Emission Velocity Enhancements

合作研究：CEDAR：在强热发射速度增强中寻找最强的热层风和最高温度

• 批准号: 2332311
• 负责人: Ying Zou
• 金额: $ 23.81万
• 依托单位: Johns Hopkins University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2023-05-01 至 2024-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2332311&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; CEDAR; Searching; Strongest

This award is funded in whole or in part under the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (Public Law 117-2).Auroras are a spectacular display of the effects of Sun's energetic particles raining down and colliding with Earth’s atmosphere at high latitudes. These colorful displays are widely observed to have several typical shapes and colors. Recently, a ‘new’ type of aurora-like light at high latitudes has been observed. It often consists of a narrow purple arc with narrow green ‘picket-fence’ features. Its distinct shapes and colors are different from typical auroras. Scientists named it as STEVE (Strong Thermal Emission Velocity Enhancement). Because STEVE occurs at lower latitudes than typical auroras (called sub-auroral region), it is believed to be associated with a strong flow of charged particles in the ionosphere, a layer above our atmosphere with free-flowing ions and electrons. Research on STEVE will help us understand the interactions between the high and low latitude ionosphere and how solar energy impacts the entire Earth’s atmosphere system and space weather.As its name suggested, STEVE is interpreted to be due to the chemiluminescent reactions induced by heat generated by strong ion neutral interaction at large ion drift (~ 5000 m/s). To test the hypothesis of heat from strong ion-neutral interaction causing STEVE, both ion drift and thermospheric wind observations are necessary. The Swarm satellites have provided ion drift data in STEVE studies, but observations are missing for the thermospheric wind and temperature observations in the sub-auroral region. To obtain thermospheric temperature and wind observations for ascertaining the STEVE emission mechanism, this project will deploy a Fabry Perot Interferometer (FPI) at Athabasca University (54.60N, 113.64W, 61 MLAT), where an optical observatory is located and STEVE had been observed. In addition, a small color CCD all sky camera will be used to monitor the occurrence of STEVE and auroral activities and a dual-band GPS receiver will be used to monitor ionospheric Total Electron Content variations. The team plans to spend 20 nights/year to take all sky camera images in real time and steer the FPI sky scanner toward the STEVE when it is sighted. The real time monitoring is planned for substorm events following future solar active region events, which will be tracked from NOAA space weather services. The auroral images and FPI data will be studied in combination with the Swarm ion drift data to achieve a comparatively complete diagnosis of the ionosphere and thermosphere conditions. The project will address three topics: 1) Thermospheric conditions associated with STEVE and their effect on its emission; 2) SAPS effects on thermospheric winds; 3) Thermospheric wind's effect on the expansion of the substorm negative phase. Given the extreme ionospheric condition associated with STEVE, large thermospheric wind speed and high neutral temperature could be observed, which can change our perception of thermosphere-ionosphere interactions. The proposed Athabasca FPI can bridge the large spatial gap between the Resolute and Boulder FPI and allow the substorm effect from high to mid latitudes to be tracked. Since Athabasca is located at a latitude range that is strongly affected by the substorm negative phase, the results of this project will directly address a major concern for space weather forecast.Since STEVE was first observed by citizen scientists, this project will generate a greater public awareness of the aeronomy research and will stimulate future public engagement with science and technology. The project will foster diverse collaborations and establish a partnership between NCAR and a scientifically competitive institution in an EPSCoR state. The proposing team would make this project an opportunity to promote STEM education, increase the participation of women and underrepresented minorities in STEM.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

该奖项的全部或部分资金均根据《2021 年美国救援计划法案》（公法 117-2）提供。极光是太阳高能粒子雨点般落下并与高纬度地球大气层碰撞所产生的壮观效果的展示。最近，在高纬度地区观察到一种“新型”的类似极光的光，它通常由狭窄的紫色弧线和狭窄的绿色组成。其独特的形状和颜色与典型的极光不同，科学家将其命名为 STEVE（强热发射速度增强），因为 STEVE 出现的纬度比典型的极光（称为亚极光区域）低。据信，这与电离层中强烈的带电粒子流有关，电离层是我们大气层之上的一层，具有自由流动的离子和电子，对史蒂夫的研究将帮助我们了解高能粒子之间的相互作用。和低纬度电离层以及太阳能如何影响整个地球大气系统和太空天气。顾名思义，STEVE 被解释为由于大离子漂移（~ 5000 m）下强离子中性相互作用产生的热量引起的化学发光反应为了检验由强离子-中性相互作用产生的热量导致 STEVE 的假设，离子漂移和热层风观测都是必要的，Swarm 卫星在 STEVE 研究中提供了离子漂移数据。亚极光区域的热层风和温度观测缺失 为了获得热层温度和风观测以确定 STEVE 排放机制，该项目将在阿萨巴斯卡大学（54.60N，113.64）部署法布里珀罗干涉仪（FPI）。 W，61 MLAT），那里有一个光学天文台，并且对 STEVE 进行了观测。此外，还将使用小型彩色 CCD 全天摄像机来监视。该团队计划每年花 20 个夜晚实时拍摄所有天空摄像机图像，并将 FPI 天空扫描仪引导至电离层总电子含量变化。计划对未来太阳活动区域事件之后的亚暴事件进行实时监测，这些事件将通过 NOAA 空间天气服务进行跟踪，并结合群离子漂移来研究极光图像和 FPI 数据。该项目将讨论三个主题：1）与 STEVE 相关的热层条件及其对其排放的影响；2）SAPS 对热层风的影响；3）热层风对热层风的影响。考虑到与 STEVE 相关的极端电离层条件，可以观测到大热层风速和高中性温度，这可能会改变我们对热层-电离层相互作用的看法。阿萨巴斯卡 FPI 可以弥合 Resolute 和 Bould 更强的 FPI 之间的巨大空间差距，并允许跟踪高纬度到中纬度的亚暴效应。由于阿萨巴斯卡位于受亚暴负相位影响的纬度范围，因此该结果。该项目将直接解决空间天气预报的主要问题。由于 STEVE 首次被公民科学家观测，该项目将提高公众对航空研究的认识，并将刺激未来公众对科学技术的参与。促进多元化合作，并在 NCAR 与 EPSCoR 州的科学竞争机构之间建立伙伴关系。提案团队将使该项目成为促进 STEM 教育、增加妇女和代表性不足的少数族裔参与 STEM 的机会。该奖项反映了 NSF 的法定使命。通过使用基金会的智力优点和更广泛的影响审查标准进行评估，并被认为值得支持。

项目成果

Hemispheric symmetry and asymmetry of poleward moving radar auroral forms (PMRAFs) and associated polar cap patches during a geomagnetic storm

• DOI: 10.3389/fphy.2023.1174209
• 发表时间: 2023-07
• 期刊: Frontiers in Physics
• 影响因子: 3.1
• 作者: Y. Zou;Li‐Jen Chen;B. Walsh;B. Burkholder;Yuzhang Ma;W. Bristow;L. Lyons;Jiang Liu;S. Tian;S. Yadav;Antea J. Coster;K. McWilliams

Association of Equatorward Extending Auroral Streamers With Ground Magnetic Perturbations and Geosynchronous Injections

向赤道延伸的极光流与地磁扰动和地球同步注入的关联

• DOI: 10.1029/2022ja030919
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics
• 作者: Yadav, Sneha;Lyons, Larry. R.;Liu, Jiang;Nishimura, Yukitoshi;Tian, Sheng;Zou, Ying;Donovan, Eric F.
• 通讯作者: Donovan, Eric F.

Auroral Drivers of Large dB∕dt During Geomagnetic Storms

地磁风暴期间大 dBâdt 的极光驱动因素

• DOI: 10.1029/2022sw003121
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Space Weather
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Zou, Ying;Dowell, Caleb;Ferdousi, Banafsheh;Lyons, Larry R.;Liu, Jiang
• 通讯作者: Liu, Jiang

The Occurrence of Embedded Region 1 and 2 Currents Depends on Geomagnetic Activity Level

嵌入区域 1 和 2 电流的出现取决于地磁活动水平

• DOI: 10.1029/2022ja030539
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics
• 作者: Liu, J.;Higuchi, T.;Lyons, L. R.;Ohtani, S.;Wu, J.;Zou, Y.;Angelopoulos, V.;Wang, C. ‐P.
• 通讯作者: Wang, C. ‐P.

MMS Observations of Storm‐Time Magnetopause Boundary Layers in the Vicinity of the Southern Cusp

• DOI: 10.1029/2022gl101231
• 发表时间: 2022-12
• 期刊: Geophysical Research Letters
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: B. Burkholder;Li‐Jen Chen;S. Fuselier;D. Gershman;C. Schiff;J. Shuster;Y. Zou;B. Walsh;P. Reiff;S. Petrinec;A. Sciola