Collaborative Research: REVSYS: RUI: Phylogenetic and Revisionary Systematics of early-diverging, ecologically unique clades of fungi, Harpellales and Asellariales

合作研究：REVSYS：RUI：早期分化、生态独特的真菌、Harpellales 和 Asellariales 进化枝的系统发育和修订系统学

• 批准号: 0918169
• 负责人: Robert Lichtwardt
• 金额: $ 8.15万
• 依托单位: University of Kansas Center for Research Inc
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-01 至 2013-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0918169&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; REVSYS; RUI; Phylogenetic

Abstract This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5). Fungi in the groups Harpellales and Asellariales spend their entire lives in the guts of insects; they cannot grow independently. They may be parasites or may be mutualists that live in harmony with their hosts. The fungal-host associations can be traced back millions of years. One group, Harpellales, lives primarily in immature aquatic insects (including important disease carriers such as mosquitoes and black flies and various nymphs) and the other, Asellariales, in adult isopods (including pill bugs) and springtails. These fungi are, not surprisingly, poorly studied. New species are discovered frequently, and their evolutionary relationships are largely unknown. This project will determine how many species of these fungi exist, how they are identified, and how they are related. The project will involve extensive collecting in the U.S., followed by detailed studies of the organisms and their hosts. Evolutionary histories will be inferred with DNA sequences. Because these fungi parasitize mosquitoes and black flies, they have the potential to serve as biocontrol agents. Other fungi in this group have evolved to live without killing their hosts, but the genetic changes that led to this comfortable arrangement are not known. This project will provide basic tools for locating and identifying the fungi, and will make these identification guides available on the web. Once they are available, it will be possible to investigate the basic biology of the fungi and to explore their value for ecosystems and for society.

摘要该奖项是根据2009年《美国复苏与再投资法》（公法111-5）资助的。 harpelleles和Asellariales的真菌在昆虫的胆量中度过一生。他们不能独立发展。他们可能是寄生虫，也可能是与主人和谐相处的共同主义者。真菌宿主协会可以追溯到数百万年前。一组Harpelles主要生活在未成熟的水生昆虫（包括重要的疾病携带者，例如蚊子，黑蝇和各种若虫），而另一个是成年异子（包括药丸）和Springtails中的Asellariales。毫不奇怪，这些真菌的研究很差。经常发现新物种，它们的进化关系在很大程度上未知。该项目将确定存在这些真菌的数量，如何识别它们以及如何相关。该项目将在美国进行广泛的收集，然后对生物体及其宿主进行详细研究。进化史将通过DNA序列推断。由于这些真菌使蚊子和黑蝇寄生，因此它们有可能充当生物防治剂。该群体中的其他真菌已经演变为没有杀死宿主的生活，但是导致这种舒适安排的遗传变化尚不清楚。该项目将为定位和识别真菌提供基本工具，并将这些标识指南在网络上提供。一旦可用，就可以研究真菌的基本生物学，并探索它们对生态系统和社会的价值。