Speciation and Dispersal of Fungal Symbiots of Insects (Harpellales) in Eastern North America and Europe

北美东部和欧洲昆虫（Harpellales）真菌共生体的物种形成和传播

• 批准号: 0108110
• 负责人: Robert Lichtwardt
• 金额: $ 20万
• 依托单位: University of Kansas Center for Research Inc
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-09-01 至 2004-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0108110&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Speciation; Dispersal; Fungal; Symbiots; Insects

Abstract Harpellales, one of three orders of the class Trichomycetes, are fungi that live as symbionts in the guts of insects, particularly stoneflies (Plecoptera), mayflies (Ephemeroptera), and lower flies (Diptera: Nematocera). Typically, the fungus is transmitted from larval insect to larval insect, raising questions about how the fungi are dispersed over great geographic distances. Evidence exists that they may have a parasitic life stage in which cysts are formed in the ovaries of host insects that then disperse and deposit fungi in new habitats. Details of the association of these fungi with host insects are poorly known as are relationships among the fungi and explanations for their origins and diversification. Because host insects include many species of ecological and medical importance (e.g., mayflies and stoneflies, mosquitoes, black flies, biting midges), an understanding of parasitism that can result in sterilization of the host insect has great interest to entomologists. Field and laboratory studies will help unravel the interactions between these fungi and their hosts, including a molecular informed phylogeny for the fungi that can help explain their diversification and origins. This will permit a better understanding of a very enigmatic group of fungi, and make its species accessible to biologists interested in symbiosis, parasitism, historical biogeography, and possibly co-speciation.

摘要 Harpellales 是毛霉菌纲 (Trichomycetes) 三个目之一，是作为共生菌生活在昆虫肠道中的真菌，特别是石蝇 (Plecoptera)、蜉蝣 (Ephemeroptera) 和低等蝇 (Diptera: Nematocera)。 通常，真菌从幼虫昆虫传播到幼虫昆虫，这引发了关于真菌如何在很远的地理距离上传播的问题。 有证据表明，它们可能有一个寄生生命阶段，在寄主昆虫的卵巢中形成包囊，然后将真菌分散到新的栖息地。 人们对这些真菌与宿主昆虫之间的关系以及真菌之间的关系及其起源和多样化的解释知之甚少。由于寄主昆虫包括许多具有生态和医学重要性的物种（例如蜉蝣和石蝇、蚊子、黑蝇、蠓），昆虫学家对了解可导致寄主昆虫绝育的寄生现象非常感兴趣。 现场和实验室研究将有助于揭示这些真菌与其宿主之间的相互作用，包括真菌的分子系统发育学，这有助于解释它们的多样化和起源。 这将使我们能够更好地了解一组非常神秘的真菌，并使对共生、寄生、历史生物地理学和可能的共同物种形成感兴趣的生物学家能够了解其物种。