CAREER: Linking macroecology and traits to predict mycorrhizal fungal dispersal

职业：将宏观生态学和性状联系起来预测菌根真菌的传播

• 批准号: 2205650
• 负责人: Bala Chaudhary
• 金额: $ 71.51万
• 依托单位: Dartmouth College
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2021-12-15 至 2025-04-30
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=2205650&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Linking; macroecology; traits; predict

Plants rarely live in isolation. In fact, all plants on Earth live in close association with diverse microorganisms that greatly impact plant health. As a result, the microbial communities that associate with plants can have large implications for agriculture, forestry, and ecosystems. Mycorrhizal fungi are among the most common beneficial fungi, mining soil nutrients and delivering them to plants in exchange for sugars. However, the impact they have on plants depends on the type of fungal species present. Environmental factors and dispersal determine microbial community structure, but little is known about how microbes disperse long distances. This CAREER award combines multiple approaches using data science, laboratory, and large-scale field experiments at the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) to study fungal dispersal. This proposal will involve high school students in science activities and improve graduate education in ecological data science. Finally, this project will study barriers that limit the participation of minority students in ecology to develop recommendations to improve recruiting and retention.For nearly 100 years, the "everything is everywhere" hypothesis has dominated microbial ecology, suggesting that microbial dispersal is unlimited and community assembly mechanisms are primarily deterministic. However, certain fungi vary with respect to traits that could impact their long-distance dispersal capabilities. Coupling knowledge of traits with physical laws that govern movement could provide a powerful framework to predict dispersal, a key component of biogeography. Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi form no aboveground structures, and reproduce via asexual spores with substantially varying traits (e.g. size, surface ornamentation) that are likely to impact long-distance dispersal. The mechanisms and extent of AM fungal dispersal are poorly understood, yet, to manage AM fungal communities for improved symbiotic functioning, taxon-specific information regarding dispersal capabilities is required. This study combines trait-based ecology, macroecology, and physical laws to study aerial dispersal of AM fungi through the following research objectives: 1. Create an AM fungal trait database to examine conservatism among phylogenetic groups in all spore traits that potentially facilitate aerial dispersal, 2. Examine community structure and spore traits of aerial AM fungi at NEON sites and Chicago urban sites to identify eco-climatic properties that predict aerial dispersal, and 3. Compare the observed terminal velocity to that predicted by Stokes's Law for movement of a smooth sphere for AM fungal spores with different morphological traits. This CAREER award will illuminate the thus far speculative role of dispersal in driving continent-scale patterns in microbial biogeography.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.

植物很少孤立地生活。实际上，地球上的所有植物都与多种微生物密切相关，这些微生物极大地影响了植物健康。结果，与植物相关的微生物群落可能对农业，林业和生态系统具有很大的影响。菌根真菌是最常见的有益真菌之一，开采土壤养分，并将其送到植物中以换取糖。但是，它们对植物的影响取决于存在的真菌物种的类型。环境因素和扩散决定了微生物群落的结构，但对微生物如何分散长距离知之甚少。该职业奖通过数据科学，实验室和国家生态观测网络（NEON）的大规模现场实验结合了多种方法，以研究真菌分散。该建议将涉及高中学生参加科学活动，并改善生态数据科学领域的研究生教育。最后，该项目将研究限制少数族裔学生参与生态学的障碍，以开发提高招聘和保留的建议。在近100年中，“一切无处不在”的假设占据了微生物生态学的主导，表明微​​生物分散是无限的，社区是社区的组装机制主要是确定性的。但是，某些真菌在可能影响其长距离传播能力的特征方面有所不同。将特征的知识与管理运动的物理定律结合在一起，可以提供一个有力的框架来预测分散，这是生物地理学的关键组成部分。弧形菌根（AM）真菌没有地面结构，并通过无性孢子繁殖具有实质性变化（例如尺寸，表面装饰）的无性孢子，可能会影响长距离分散。 AM真菌分散的机制和程度知之甚少，但是需要管理AM真菌群落以改善共生功能，需要有关分散功能的分类单元特定信息。这项研究结合了基于特征的生态学，宏观生态学和物理定律，通过以下研究目标研究AM真菌的空中分散：1。创建一个AM真菌性状数据库，以研究所有孢子性状中的系统发育群体中的保守主义，这些特征可能会促进空中分散的所有孢子性特征2。检查霓虹灯地点和芝加哥城市地点的空中AM真菌的社区结构和孢子特征，以识别预测空中扩散的生态气候特性，以及3。将观察到的终端速度与Stokes Law的流动范围进行比较对于具有不同形态学特征的AM真菌孢子。该职业奖将阐明迄今为止，分散在微生物生物地理学中驱动非洲大陆规模模式中的投机作用。该奖项反映了NSF的法定任务，并被认为是通过基金会的知识分子优点和更广泛影响的评估标准来评估值得通过评估来支持的。

项目成果

Fungal Dispersal Across Spatial Scales

• DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-012622-021604
• 发表时间: 2022-01-01
• 期刊: ANNUAL REVIEW OF ECOLOGY EVOLUTION AND SYSTEMATICS
• 影响因子: 11.8
• 作者: Chaudhary, V. Bala;Aguilar-Trigueros, Carlos A.;Rillig, Matthias C.
• 通讯作者: Rillig, Matthias C.

A scientist by any other name

任何其他名字的科学家

• DOI: 10.1038/s41564-022-01067-2
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Nature Microbiology
• 影响因子: 28.3
• 作者: Chaudhary, V. Bala

Who are we? Highlighting Nuances in Asian American Experiences in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology

我们是谁？

• DOI: 10.1002/bes2.1939
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: The Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America
• 作者: Nguyen, K. H.;Akiona, A. K.;Chang, C. C.;Chaudhary, V. B.;Cheng, S. J.;Johnson, S. M.;Kahanamoku, S. S.;Lee, A.;de Leon Sanchez, E. E.;Segui, L. M.
• 通讯作者: Segui, L. M.

What are mycorrhizal traits?

• DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2022.04.003
• 发表时间: 2022-06-07
• 期刊: TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION
• 影响因子: 16.8
• 作者: Chaudhary, V. Bala;Holland, E. Penelope;Helgason, Thorunn
• 通讯作者: Helgason, Thorunn

Students of colour views on racial equity in environmental sustainability

有色人种学生对环境可持续性中种族平等的看法

• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Nature sustainability
• 影响因子: 27.6
• 作者: Schusler, Tania M;Espedido, Charlie B;Rivera, Brittany K;Hernández, Melissa;Howerton, Amelia M;Sepp, Kailin;Engel, Malcolm D;Marcos, Jazlyn;Chaudhary, V Bala
• 通讯作者: Chaudhary, V Bala