Collaborative Research: TLS: Where are all the Female Engineers?

合作研究：TLS：女工程师都在哪里？

• 批准号: 0915467
• 负责人: Jeffrey Smith
• 金额: $ 16.6万
• 依托单位: Regents of the University of Michigan - Ann Arbor
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-01 至 2013-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0915467&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; TLS; Where; Female

Perhaps no issue is more important for US science policy than understanding why qualified women (and men) do or do not choose careers in science and engineering. The quality of a nation's scientific workforce determines, in large part, the quality of its science. If qualified women avoid careers in science and engineering, science and the nation suffer. Since World War Two, women have been increasingly attracted to technical fields. Women have recently become a majority of college students and college graduates, they represent a majority of applicants to medical school, a majority in accounting and auditing, and they apply to law programs in numbers equivalent to men. In addition, women have been gaining in performance on quantitative skills tests. In 1979, women had a 2 percentile point deficit relative to men on the mathematical ability test on the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth; but in the 1997 cohort they had a 4 percentile point advantage. Yet women constitute less than a third of degree holders in the physical sciences and hold only ten percent of recent degrees in engineering.This project seeks to understand why women have flooded into some traditionally male fields, but not into others, despite their increasingly strong technical qualifications. The research team addresses this question via analyses of the effects of starting careers in science and engineering on marriage rates, divorce rates and fertility rates. They will also consider how labor market interruptions affect the lifecycle path of women's earnings in various fields. These analyses directly address concerns in the literature that science and engineering impose relatively (compared to other fields) large costs on family formation. The researchers will compare the results from US data with results from parallel analyses of British data conducted by collaborators in the UK.

对于美国科学政策而言，也许没有问题比了解为什么合格的女性（和男性）在科学和工程领域选择职业更重要。一个国家的科学劳动力的质量在很大程度上决定了其科学的质量。如果合格的妇女避免在科学和工程学，科学和国家从事职业。 自第二次世界大战以来，妇女越来越吸引技术领域。妇女最近已成为大多数大学生和大学毕业生，她们代表了医学院的大多数申请人，大多数会计和审计，并且适用于相当于男性的法律计划。此外，妇女在定量技能测试方面的表现已获得。 1979年，在国家对青年纵向调查的数学能力测试中，妇女在数学能力测试中的妇女赤字为2％。但是在1997年的队列中，他们具有4个百分点的优势。然而，妇女占物理科学中学位持有人的三分之一，并且仅占工程学位的百分之十。资格。研究小组通过分析科学和工程学对结婚率，离婚率和生育率的启动职业的影响来解决这个问题。他们还将考虑劳动力市场中断如何影响各个领域妇女收入的生命周期。这些分析直接解决了文献中的关注，即科学和工程学相对（与其他领域相比）在家庭形成上相对巨大的成本。 研究人员将将美国数据的结果与英国合作者进行的英国数据的平行分析结果进行比较。