Phylogeny and Evolution of Caesalpinioid Legumes

云杉类豆科植物的系统发育和进化

• 批准号: 0907810
• 负责人: Patrick Herendeen
• 金额: $ 5.33万
• 依托单位: Chicago Horticultural Society
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-08-01 至 2009-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0907810&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Phylogeny; Evolution; Caesalpinioid; Legumes

The Leguminosae (or Fabaceae - the legume or bean family) is the third largest family of flowering plants, and the second most important family economically. Legumes range from giant rain forest trees to tiny herbaceous annuals of desert habitats. Of the three traditionally recognized subfamilies, Caesalpinioideae, Mimosoideae, and Papilionoideae, the Caesalpinioideae is the most poorly known because it is largely confined to tropical habitats. As a consequence, evolutionary relationships among caesalpinioid legumes are poorly known and the recognition of particular genera is often in dispute. Previous work by Dr. Herendeen and his colleagues in Canada and England has developed a general phylogenetic framework for Caesalpinioideae, which will be used to further research on morphology, taxonomy, and phylogeny. Current morphological and molecular data show that several caesalpinioid lineages have more basal positions than either the Mimosoideae or Papilionoideae. Thus a classification system for the family based on evolutionary relationships would not recognize the caesalpinioids as a single natural unit but as several early-branching lineages. How many distinct lineages of caesalpinioid legumes are there, at what level should they be recognized relative to mimosoids and papilionoids, what are the relationships among caesalpinioid genera, and what can we discern about patterns of morphological evolution? These questions form the core of the study. The primary goal of this research is to produce a classification that includes all ca. 160 genera of caesalpinioid legumes based on analyses of data from morphology and DNA sequence data. To achieve this, field work will be conducted in Madagascar, South America, and SE Asia to obtain material of as many of the missing genera as possible. The investigators will also study collections in herbaria and prepare anatomical samples to score morphological characters for all species included in the molecular data set. They will use the phylogenetic results to produce a revised classification and identification key to subfamilies, tribes, and genera for all caesalpinioid legumes. With a robust phylogeny and a specimen-based morphological data set, they will be able to explore the implications of the phylogeny with respect to patterns of morphological evolution. In addition, data on a diverse array of fossil legumes will be integrated with the results. The fossils may be used in documenting minimum ages of clades and as historical data points for biogeographic studies. In addition, molecular clock techniques will be used to estimate ages of clades. The data generated in this study will make the Leguminosae an ideal group in which to experiment with new methods in estimating ages of clades and assessing rates of taxonomic diversification and molecular evolution.

豆科（或Fabaceae-豆科植物或豆类家族）是第三大开花植物家族，在经济上是第二重要的家族。 豆类范围从巨大的雨林树到沙漠栖息地的小草原一年。 在传统上识别的三种亚家族中，在凯撒尼迪科，薄膜科和木papioneaeeae中，凯撒替尼迪科是最知名的，因为它很大程度上限制在热带栖息地中。结果，卵巢素豆类之间的进化关系是鲜为人知的，并且对特定属的认识常常存在争议。 Herendeen博士和他在加拿大和英格兰的同事的先前工作已经为凯撒尼西亚开发了一般的系统发育框架，该框架将用于进一步研究形态学，分类学和系统发育。 当前的形态学和分子数据表明，几种尾甲状腺素谱系的基础位置比浅莫类科或乳头状科具有更多的基础位置。 因此，基于进化关系的家庭的分类系统不会将凯撒替尼氏菌视为单个自然单位，而将其视为几个早期分支的谱系。 有多少不同的卵巢菌豆类豆类谱系，在哪个层面上应该认识到它们相对于默蒙类和木木皮素，在哪种水平上，尾甲状腺素属之间的关系是什么？我们可以识别什么形态进化模式？ 这些问题构成了研究的核心。这项研究的主要目标是产生一个包括所有CA的分类。基于形态学和DNA序列数据的数据分析，160个卵巢毒素豆类属属。 为了实现这一目标，将在马达加斯加，南美和东南亚进行野外工作，以获取尽可能多的缺失属的材料。 研究人员还将研究草药中的收集，并准备解剖样品，以评分分子数据集中所有物种的形态特征。 他们将使用系统发育结果为所有尾甲植物豆类的亚家族，部落和属产生修订的分类和识别键。借助系统发育和基于标本的形态数据集，他们将能够探索系统发育对形态进化模式的含义。 此外，有关化石豆类各种阵列的数据将与结果集成在一起。这些化石可用于记录进化枝的最低年龄，并用作生物地理研究的历史数据点。 此外，分子时钟技术将用于估计进枝的年龄。 这项研究中产生的数据将使豆科成为理想的群体，在该群体中，在进化枝的估计中尝试新方法，并评估分类学多样化和分子进化的速率。