Systematics and Paleobotany of the Legume Subfamily Caesalpinioideae

豆科云实亚科的系统学和古植物学

• 批准号: 9527673
• 负责人: Patrick Herendeen
• 金额: $ 9.97万
• 依托单位: Field Museum of Natural History
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1996-03-01 至 2000-02-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=9527673&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Systematics; Paleobotany; Legume; Subfamily; Caesalpinioideae

9527673 Herendeen The large plant family Leguminosae (Fabaceae) is ecologically significant (nitrogen fixing species are common) and economically important (it includes soybeans, clovers, and tropical tree crops). While general aspects of taxonomic diversity are well known, many questions remain unanswered about evolutionary changes within the family that have led to the 18,000 or so species currently recognized. Even the closest relatives of the family remain controversial, with recent molecular (DNA) findings suggesting the small, herbaceous family Polygalaceae, with flowers superficially similar to "papilionoid" blossoms of Leguminosae. The most primitive groups of legumes are shrubs and trees classified in the subfamily Caesalpinioideae, with most genera placed in the tribes Amherstieae and Detarieae. Dr. Patrick Herendeen of Field Museum is working on these groups, emphasizing collection and analysis of fossil materials and integration of these data with information collected from living members of the subfamily studied by himself and by collaborators Anne Bruneau (DNA analyses), Ian Ferguson (pollen morphology), and Shirley Tucker (floral morphology). Extensive field work in Africa, a region of great species diversity for the two tribes, will provide new specimens and materials for all these researchers and others interested in legume systematics and evolution. Fossil studies will concentrate on flowers, pollen, fruits, and leaves collected from Eocene and Miocene deposits in Asia, Europe, and North America. Several extinct genera are known or suspected, with plants distinguished by combinations of features not found in modern, living species. Character analysis of this fossil material will help in determining the direction of evolutionary change in various floral and vegetative features, and in turn this will aid taxonomists in delimiting subtribal and generic groupings and in hypothesizing phylogenetic lineages within early legumes.

9527673 Herendeen 大型植物家族豆科（豆科）具有重要的生态意义（固氮物种很常见）和重要的经济意义（包括大豆、三叶草和热带树木作物）。虽然分类多样性的一般方面众所周知，但有关该科内部进化变化的许多问题仍未得到解答，正是这些变化导致了目前公认的约 18,000 个物种。即使是该科的最亲近的亲戚也仍然存在争议，最近的分子（DNA）发现表明远志科是小型草本科，其花朵表面上类似于豆科的“蝶形花”花朵。豆科植物最原始的类群是灌木和乔木，属于云实亚科 (Caesalpinioideae)，其中大多数属属于阿默斯蒂亚科 (Amherstieae) 和德塔里亚科 (Detarieae) 部落。菲尔德博物馆的 Patrick Herendeen 博士正在研究这些群体，强调收集和分析化石材料，并将这些数据与他本人和合作者 Anne Bruneau（DNA 分析）、Ian Ferguson（花粉形态）和雪莉·塔克（花形态）。非洲是两个部落物种多样性丰富的地区，在非洲进行的广泛实地工作将为所有这些研究人员和其他对豆科植物系统学和进化感兴趣的人提供新的标本和材料。 化石研究将集中于从亚洲、欧洲和北美的始新世和中新世沉积物中收集的花朵、花粉、果实和叶子。已知或怀疑有几个已灭绝的属，其植物具有现代现存物种所没有的特征组合。对这种化石材料的特征分析将有助于确定各种花卉和植物特征的进化变化方向，反过来这将有助于分类学家界定亚部落和属类群，并假设早期豆科植物的系统发育谱系。