Collaborative Research: Three-Dimensional Microstructural and Chemical Mapping of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Electrodes: Processing, Structure, Stability, and Electrochemistry

合作研究：固体氧化物燃料电池电极的三维微观结构和化学测绘：加工、结构、稳定性和电化学

• 批准号: 0907639
• 负责人: Scott Barnett
• 金额: $ 90万
• 依托单位: Northwestern University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-08-15 至 2013-09-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0907639&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Three; Dimensional; Microstructural

This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5).NON-TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION: Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) offer an important new option for converting fuels to electricity with increased efficiency, reduced pollution, and reduced greenhouse gas emissions. The race to reap the commercial and environmental benefits of this technology is largely being decided by practical issues, including cost and device reliability. The proposed project seeks to better understand how SOFC performance and reliability are linked to manufacturing methods and constituent materials properties, by the acquisition and analysis of three-dimensional images of the fuel cells. Such images can be used to determine what structures yield improved performance and hence reduced cost, find manufacturing conditions that yield the desired structure/chemistry, and examine the factors causing fuel cells to degrade over time. The improved structural and chemical information will be disseminated to the fuel cell research and development community where it will help enable critical connections, for example between industrial developers ? who need reliable performance/lifetime predictions ? and modelers ? who require good structural/chemical information to make such predictions. A substantial number of graduate and undergraduate students, in many cases from underrepresented groups, will receive training through this project. There are a number of other educational impacts, including high-school science teachers participating in summer research.TECHNICAL DETAILS: The limited quantitative information available on electrode structure and interfacial chemistry poses a major barrier to fundamental understanding of fuel cell performance and stability. This Focused Research Group is examining the relationships between the processing, structure, and electrochemical properties of key SOFC materials, utilizing a set of tools based on focused ion beam ? scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) to determine the microstructure of SOFC electrodes in three-dimensions (3D). The project includes fabrication of state-of-the-art SOFCs, detailed electrochemical characterization using novel impedance spectroscopy methods, structural measurement using FIB-SEM, segmentation of the data into 3D phase maps, visualization of the microstructures, extraction of macrohomogeneous structural parameters, and simulations of microstructural coarsening and electrochemical polarization based directly on 3D data sets. Additional information regarding interdiffusion, accumulation of cation species and/or impurities at interfaces, and second phases is obtained with analytical scanning transmission electron microscope (TEM) analysis and synchrotron X-ray methods. Availability of this 3D microstructure information will be instrumental for transforming our understanding of how fuel cell electrodes work to a more quantitative science. Broad impacts of the project include the continued growth of a 3D structural data library available to researchers/developers nationwide, and development of analysis tools relevant to the broader 3D microstructure community. Students and teachers involved in the project receive training on state of the art tools for fuel-cell fabrication, electrochemical testing, microscopy, and materials modeling.

该奖项是根据2009年的《美国回收与再投资法》（公法111-5）资助的。没有技术描述：固体氧化物燃料电池（SOFC）为以提高效率，降低污染，降低，降低污染，降低，降低污染，氧化物燃料电池（SOFC）提供了一个重要的新选择并减少温室气体排放。在很大程度上，包括成本和设备可靠性在内的实际问题决定了获得该技术的商业和环境利益的竞赛。拟议的项目旨在通过获取和分析燃料电池的三维图像来更好地了解SOFC性能和可靠性如何与制造方法和组成材料属性相关联。 这些图像可用于确定哪些结构会产生改善的性能，从而降低成本，找到产生所需结构/化学的制造条件，并检查导致燃料电池随着时间而降低的因素。改进的结构和化学信息将被传播到燃料电池研发社区，在那里它将有助于实现关键联系，例如工业开发人员之间？谁需要可靠的绩效/终身预测？和建模者？谁需要良好的结构/化学信息来做出这样的预测。在许多情况下，大量的毕业生和本科生将通过该项目接受培训。还有许多其他教育影响，包括参加夏季研究的高中科学教师。技术详细信息：有关电极结构和界面化学的有限定量信息为对燃料电池性能和稳定性的基本了解带来了主要的障碍。这个重点研究小组正在利用基于聚焦离子光束的一组工具来研究关键SOFC材料的处理，结构和电化学性能之间的关系？扫描电子显微镜（FIB-SEM）以确定三维（3D）中SOFC电极的显微结构。该项目包括制造最先进的SOFC，使用新型障碍光谱方法的详细的电化学表征，使用FIB-SEM进行结构测量，将数据分割为3D相位图，可视化微结构，提取了宏观矛盾的结构参数，提取以及直接基于3D数据集的微结构变厚和电化学极化的模拟。有关扩散，阳离子物种的积累和/或杂质在接口处的积累以及第二阶段的其他信息，可以通过分析扫描传输电子显微镜（TEM）分析和同步X X射线方法获得。此3D微观结构信息的可用性将有助于我们对燃料电池电极如何工作的理解转变为更定量的科学。该项目的广泛影响包括全国研究人员/开发人员可用的3D结构数据库的持续增长，以及与更广泛的3D微观结构社区相关的分析工具的开发。参与该项目的学生和老师接受了有关燃料电池制造，电化学测试，显微镜和材料建模的最先进工具的培训。