Can a small mosquito tell us something new about evolutionary physiology? Genetics of photoperiodic response in the pitcher-plant mosquito, Wyeomyia smithii

一只小蚊子能告诉我们一些关于进化生理学的新知识吗？

• 批准号: 0839998
• 负责人: William Bradshaw
• 金额: $ 61.35万
• 依托单位: University of Oregon Eugene
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-15 至 2013-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0839998&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: small; mosquito; tell; us; something

"This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5)." Climates world-wide are changing at an unprecedented rate, especially in temperate and polar regions of the earth such as North America. The non-biological effects of climate change are seen in melting glaciers, rising sea levels, earlier springs, longer growing seasons and later falls. The biological effects of climate change are seen as shifts in animal populations towards the poles and as shifts in the timing of development, reproduction, migration and hibernation. Animals interpret and prepare for seasonal change primarily by the use of light (day length): shorter days are a highly reliable signal for the coming of winter, longer days for the coming of summer. This proposal concerns how animals respond genetically, that is, evolve, in response to climate change. This lab has produced the first genetic map of response to day length and this proposal will show whether evolutionary change in response to day length occurs through alteration of existing genes or involves the recruitment of new genes. The genes that are identified as important in this grant will provide the foundation for identifying the genetic response of animals to rapid climate change in general. Knowing the correct mechanisms of genetic response is important for predicting and mitigating the spread of vectors of disease from tropical to temperate zones, for evaluating the efficacy of introductions of predators and parasites for biocontrol, for agricultural development and for conserving biodiversity. This laboratory serves as a spokesman on the genetics of climate change at the national and international levels and serves as a resource to health agencies concerning vector-borne diseases worldwide. This lab has trained several hundred undergraduate researchers over the last 30 years, some of whom have gone on to become professors at major research institutions, and others who have become physicians, biomedical researchers, applied biologists, lawyers, journalists and teachers. All leave the lab with an intense appreciation of basic research and its contribution to human welfare and the environment.

“该裁决是根据2009年《美国复苏与再投资法》（公法111-5）资助的。”全球气候正在以空前的速度发生变化，尤其是在北美等地球的温带和极地地区。 气候变化的非生物影响在熔化的冰川，海平面上升，较早的弹簧，更长的生长季节以及后来跌落中可以看到。 气候变化的生物学效应被视为动物种群向极点的转变以及发展，繁殖，迁移和冬眠时间的转变。 动物解释和准备季节性变化主要是通过使用光（日长）：较短的日子是冬季到来的高度可靠信号，夏季来临的日子更长。该提议涉及动物在遗传上的反应，即对气候变化的反应。 该实验室已经产生了对日长度的第一个遗传图，该提案将表明是否通过改变现有基因的改变或涉及募集新基因而对日期的响应发生变化。 在这笔赠款中被识别为重要的基因将为识别动物对一般气候变化的遗传反应的基础。 了解遗传反应的正确机制对于预测和减轻疾病媒介从热带地区到温带地区的传播非常重要，以评估捕食者和寄生虫引入生物防治的疗效，用于农业发展和巩固生物生物因素。该实验室是国家和国际层面的气候变化遗传学的发言人，是全球涉及媒介传播疾病的卫生机构的资源。 在过去的30年中，该实验室已经培训了数百名本科研究人员，其中一些人继续成为主要研究机构的教授，而另一些人则成为医师，生物医学研究人员，应用生物学家，律师，律师，记者和老师。 所有人都以对基础研究及其对人类福利和环境的贡献的强烈认识离开实验室。