Can a small mosquito tell us something new about evolutionary physiology? Genetics of photoperiodic response in the pitcher-plant mosquito, Wyeomyia smithii

一只小蚊子能告诉我们一些关于进化生理学的新知识吗？

• 批准号: 0839998
• 负责人: William Bradshaw
• 金额: $ 61.35万
• 依托单位: University of Oregon Eugene
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-09-15 至 2013-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0839998&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: small; mosquito; tell; us; something

"This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5)." Climates world-wide are changing at an unprecedented rate, especially in temperate and polar regions of the earth such as North America. The non-biological effects of climate change are seen in melting glaciers, rising sea levels, earlier springs, longer growing seasons and later falls. The biological effects of climate change are seen as shifts in animal populations towards the poles and as shifts in the timing of development, reproduction, migration and hibernation. Animals interpret and prepare for seasonal change primarily by the use of light (day length): shorter days are a highly reliable signal for the coming of winter, longer days for the coming of summer. This proposal concerns how animals respond genetically, that is, evolve, in response to climate change. This lab has produced the first genetic map of response to day length and this proposal will show whether evolutionary change in response to day length occurs through alteration of existing genes or involves the recruitment of new genes. The genes that are identified as important in this grant will provide the foundation for identifying the genetic response of animals to rapid climate change in general. Knowing the correct mechanisms of genetic response is important for predicting and mitigating the spread of vectors of disease from tropical to temperate zones, for evaluating the efficacy of introductions of predators and parasites for biocontrol, for agricultural development and for conserving biodiversity. This laboratory serves as a spokesman on the genetics of climate change at the national and international levels and serves as a resource to health agencies concerning vector-borne diseases worldwide. This lab has trained several hundred undergraduate researchers over the last 30 years, some of whom have gone on to become professors at major research institutions, and others who have become physicians, biomedical researchers, applied biologists, lawyers, journalists and teachers. All leave the lab with an intense appreciation of basic research and its contribution to human welfare and the environment.

“该奖项的资金来源是《2009 年美国复苏和再投资法案》（公法 111-5）。”世界范围内的气候正在以前所未有的速度发生变化，特别是在北美等地球的温带和极地地区。 气候变化的非生物影响体现在冰川融化、海平面上升、春季提前、生长季节延长和秋季推迟。 气候变化的生物效应被视为动物种群向两极的转移以及发育、繁殖、迁徙和冬眠时间的变化。 动物主要通过使用光（日长）来解释和准备季节变化：较短的白天是冬季即将到来的高度可靠的信号，较长的白天是夏季即将到来的信号。该提案涉及动物如何进行基因反应，即进化，以应对气候变化。 该实验室制作了第一个对日长反应的遗传图谱，该提案将表明对日长反应的进化变化是通过改变现有基因发生的还是涉及新基因的招募。 这笔赠款中被确定为重要的基因将为确定动物对总体快速气候变化的遗传反应奠定基础。 了解遗传反应的正确机制对于预测和减轻疾病媒介从热带到温带的传播、评估引入捕食者和寄生虫的生物防治效果、农业发展和保护生物多样性非常重要。该实验室是国家和国际层面气候变化遗传学的发言人，并为卫生机构提供有关全球媒介传播疾病的资源。 该实验室在过去30年里培养了数百名本科生研究人员，其中一些人后来成为主要研究机构的教授，另一些人成为医生、生物医学研究人员、应用生物学家、律师、记者和教师。 离开实验室时，所有人都对基础研究及其对人类福祉和环境的贡献抱有强烈的赞赏。