Arctic Science and Arctic Politics Under Soviet Power, 1930-1990

苏联统治下的北极科学和北极政治，1930-1990 年

• 批准号: 0820630
• 负责人: Paul Josephson
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Colby College
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-09-15 至 2011-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0820630&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Arctic; Science; Politics; Under; Soviet

The study of the role of science and technology in the conquest of the Russian Arctic under Soviet power has great significance for historians of science and technology, environmental historians, scientists, social scientists and policy makers. It is timely given the ongoing third International Polar Year and President Vladimir Putin's recent claims to the North Pole and a large part of the Arctic Ocean. It will shed light on questions of empire and science, center-periphery relations, and the tension between universal science and local knowledge. Specifically, it will contribute significantly to understanding how politics, economics and ideology shaped Soviet science and technology. The following questions will be addressed in this project: To what extent did the Communist officials and scientists share goals and understandings of what science was and how best to support it? How did Marxism, science and technology combine to create the urban, industrial effort to transform the far north? What were Soviet conceptions of nature, the north, and indigenous peoples? How do modern science and technology serve empire building? These questions are all facets to the following unifying question: How did Soviet military, economic and political desiderata shape arctic science and technology? The project will result in several publications of great interest not only to historians but to policy makers. Several of the publications will deal with "Continuity and Change: Russian Science and Politics in the Arctic in the Twenty-first Century." Archival materials, interviews, and various publications will be consulted in analysis of the founding of the research and development apparatus in the north, the construction of cities and industries connected with them, and the establishment of such fields of science as hydrology and hydrography, meteorology, forestry, and metallurgy.

研究科学和技术在苏联统治下征服俄罗斯北极的作用对科学与技术历史学家，环境历史学家，科学家，社会科学家和政策制定者具有重要意义。鉴于正在进行的第三极一年以及弗拉基米尔·普京（Vladimir Putin）最近对北极和北极海洋的很大一部分的主张是及时的。它将阐明帝国和科学的问题，中心围栏关系以及普遍科学与当地知识之间的紧张关系。具体而言，它将为理解政治，经济学和意识形态如何影响苏联科学技术做出重大贡献。该项目将在以下问题中解决：共产党官员和科学家在多大程度上分享了目标和理解什么是科学以及如何最好地支持它？马克思主义，科学和技术如何结合创造城市的工业努力来改变遥远的北部？苏联对自然，北部和土著人民的观念是什么？现代科学技术如何为帝国建设服务？这些问题都是以下统一问题的方面：苏联军事，经济和政治逃避如何塑造北极科学与技术？ 该项目将导致一些对历史学家而且对政策制定者产生极大关注的出版物。其中几本出版物将处理“连续性和变化：二十一世纪北极的俄罗斯科学与政治”。在分析北部的研发机构的建立，与之相关的城市和行业的建设以及建立等科学领域，例如水文和水文学，气象学，林业和冶金学之类的科学领域，将咨询各种材料，访谈和各种出版物。