SYMPOSIUM - REPTILE GENOMICS AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS, to be held January 2008 in San Antonio, TX.

研讨会 - 爬行动物基因组学和进化遗传学，将于 2008 年 1 月在德克萨斯州圣安东尼奥举行。

• 批准号: 0809547
• 负责人: Nicole Valenzuela
• 金额: $ 0.7万
• 依托单位: Iowa State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-01-01 至 2008-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0809547&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: SYMPOSIUM; REPTILE; GENOMICS; EVOLUTIONARY; GENETICS

Birds and mammals evolved from reptiles, yet little is known about how avian and mammalian developmental genetics reflect their reptilian ancestry. Birds and mammals vary tremendously in their reproductive traits and genomic constitution. For example, although sex is determined by individual genotype in birds and mammals, avian and mammalian sex chromosomes systems are different. In mammals, males produce two types of sperm that carry either an X or a Y chromosome, whereas in birds, females produce two types of eggs that carry either a Z or a W chromosome. Both mechanisms exist in reptiles, along with temperature-dependent sex determination. Also, bird genomes are, on average, smaller than the genomes of mammals and reptiles owing to differences in the amount of their genome that is composed of active and extinct interspersed repetitive elements, the diversity of which remains largely unexplored in reptiles. Thus, comparative data on gene structure and regulation, developmental patterns and processes, and genome architecture of reptiles are critical for understanding genetic and genome-wide evolutionary trends not only in reptiles, but also in birds and mammals. This symposium, which will be held at the 2008 meeting of the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology, will highlight advances and progress made in sequencing of reptile genomes (including birds), characterizing reptilian genome architecture, and describing the evolution of reptilian traits (i.e., sex-determining mechanisms, physiology, endocrine pathways, and chromosome structure). The symposium participants constitute a diverse group of speakers in terms of gender, geographic origin, as well as career stages, and include members of underrepresented groups in science. The symposium will foster the sharing of ideas and protocols, and help build collaborations that will contribute to the advancement of the field. Presented papers will be broadly disseminated by publication in the journal of the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology.

鸟类和哺乳动物是从爬行动物演变而来的，但对禽类和哺乳动物发育遗传学如何反映其爬行动物的血统知之甚少。鸟类和哺乳动物的生殖特征和基因组宪法差异很大。例如，尽管性别是由鸟类和哺乳动物中的单个基因型决定的，但禽和哺乳动物性染色体系统却不同。在哺乳动物中，雄性产生两种携带X或Y染色体的精子，而在鸟类中，雌性产生两种类型的卵，它们携带Z或W染色体。这两种机制都存在于爬行动物中，以及依赖温度的性别确定。同样，由于其基因组量的差异，该基因组的基因组数量差异是由活性和灭绝的重复元素组成的，因此鸟类基因组平均小于哺乳动物和爬行动物的基因组。因此，关于基因结构和调节，发育模式和过程以及爬行动物的基因组结构的比较数据对于理解遗传和全基因组进化趋势不仅在爬行动物中，而且在鸟类和哺乳动物中也至关重要。该研讨会将在2008年综合和比较生物学协会会议上举行，重点介绍爬行动物基因组（包括鸟类），表征爬行动物基因组结构的进步和进步，并描述爬行动物特征的进化（即，性别确定性机制，生理机制，生理学，内脏，启动式，chromosome and Chromosome and Chromosome and Chromosome and Chromosome and Chromosome and Chromosome and Chromosome）在性别，地理起源以及职业阶段，研讨会参与者构成了多样化的演讲者，包括科学中代表性不足的群体的成员。研讨会将促进思想和协议的共享，并帮助建立将有助于该领域发展的合作。发表的论文将在《综合和比较生物学学会杂志》上广泛传播。