Dendroarchaeology and Early Dinetah Navajo Social Organization

树木考古学和早期迪内塔纳瓦霍社会组织

• 批准号: 0752198
• 负责人: Ronald Towner
• 金额: $ 17.95万
• 依托单位: University of Arizona
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-06-01 至 2010-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0752198&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dendroarchaeology; Early; Dinetah; Navajo; Social

With support from the National Science Foundation, Dr. Ronald Towner, students, and volunteers, will conduct two seasons of archaeological tree-ring sampling, analysis, and interpretation of a large set of pristine Early Navajo archaeological sites in the Navajo homeland of Dinetah in northwestern New Mexico. This project will: (1) more than double the number of tree-ring samples collected from Gobernador Phase (AD 1650-1775) Navajo sites with a concomitant increase in the number of absolute dates, (2) delineate the temporal and spatial aspects of three areas of known high-density 18th century Navajo occupation and compare them to existing data from three previous projects, (3) synthesize all tree-ring dated Navajo sites in Dinetah, (4) compare and contrast Early Navajo settlement patterns with extant tree-ring based reconstructions of climate, and (5) build new models of Early Navajo demography and social organization at the household, residence group, mid-level, community, and possibly tribal level. The resulting data and interpretations will significantly aid archaeologists, anthropologists, historians, and geographers in understanding the occupation of Dinetah by Early Navajo social groups, the broader population dynamics of the early historical period in the northern Southwest, and the relationships between human behavioral variability, climate variability, and sociopolitical change. Navajo social organization has been the subject of extensive and intensive anthropological research for decades, but the vast majority of such research has concentrated on Reservation-era (post-1868) groups west of the Chuska Mountains. Early Navajo archaeology in Dinetah provides an opportunity to examine the social organization of pre-Reservation Navajo groups who were not committed to pastoralism, but instead practiced a very mixed economy during times of severe climatic and social stress. This project will use tree-ring, archaeological, anthropological, historical, and extant oral history data to illuminate aspects of Gobernador phase Navajo settlement prior to the adoption of a pastoral lifeway and will significantly enhance our understanding of Early Navajo social organization prior to the Navajo transformation to pastoralism. The project will result in significant advances in understanding Early Navajo cultural dynamics and social organization; it will illuminate important aspects of Early Navajo demography, and enhance anthropological theories of mid-level social organization. This project will have significant impacts beyond the Dinetah Navajo and archaeology. It will make important contributions toward understanding how and under what conditions various forms of social organization developed in a pre-industrial, frontier-contact society. Models of such social formation processes will contribute to a broader understanding of human social organization during periods of demographic, climatic, and sociopolitical stress. The project will also contribute toward student training and development. It may also contribute to calibration other chronometric techniques, such as archaeomagnetism and thermoluminescence dating, and to refining ceramic seriation studies of protohistoric and early historic pottery types. It will refine models of Navajo wood use that may have implications for understanding the impacts of technological change on the exploitation of forest resources.

在国家科学基金会的支持下，罗纳德·汤纳博士、学生和志愿者将对位于纳瓦霍故乡迪内塔的大量原始早期纳瓦霍考古遗址进行两个季节的考古树木年轮采样、分析和解释。新墨西哥州西北部。 该项目将：(1) 使从州长阶段（公元 1650-1775 年）纳瓦霍遗址收集的树木年轮样本数量增加一倍以上，同时绝对日期数量也随之增加，(2) 描绘树木年轮样本的时间和空间方面三个已知高密度 18 世纪纳瓦霍人占领的地区，并将其与之前三个项目的现有数据进行比较，(3) 综合迪内塔所有树木年轮确定的纳瓦霍遗址， （4）比较和对比早期纳瓦霍定居模式与现有的基于树木年轮的气候重建，以及（5）在家庭、居住群体、中层、社区和可能的部落中建立早期纳瓦霍人口统计和社会组织的新模型等级。由此产生的数据和解释将极大地帮助考古学家、人类学家、历史学家和地理学家了解早期纳瓦霍社会群体对迪内塔的占领、西南北部早期历史时期更广泛的人口动态以及人类行为变异之间的关系，气候变化和社会政治变化。 几十年来，纳瓦霍社会组织一直是广泛而深入的人类学研究的主题，但绝大多数此类研究都集中在楚斯卡山脉以西的保留时代（1868 年之后）群体。 迪内塔的早期纳瓦霍考古学提供了一个机会来研究保留前纳瓦霍群体的社会组织，这些群体并不致力于畜牧业，而是在严重的气候和社会压力时期实行非常混合的经济。该项目将使用树木年轮、考古、人类学、历史和现存口述历史数据来阐明在采用田园生活方式之前纳瓦霍州长阶段纳瓦霍定居点的各个方面，并将显着增强我们对纳瓦霍之前的早期纳瓦霍社会组织的理解向畜牧业转型。 该项目将在理解早期纳瓦霍文化动态和社会组织方面取得重大进展；它将阐明早期纳瓦霍人口学的重要方面，并增强中层社会组织的人类学理论。 该项目将产生超越纳瓦霍迪内塔和考古学的重大影响。 它将为理解前工业化、边境接触社会中各种形式的社会组织如何以及在什么条件下发展做出重要贡献。这种社会形成过程的模型将有助于更广泛地理解人口、气候和社会政治压力时期的人类社会组织。 该项目还将有助于学生的培训和发展。它还可能有助于校准其他计时技术，例如考古磁学和热释光测年，以及完善原始历史和早期历史陶器类型的陶瓷系列研究。它将完善纳瓦霍木材使用模型，这可能有助于理解技术变革对森林资源开发的影响。