CAREER: Impact of Host Radiation on Genome Evolution in Parasites: Microbotryum Hybrids on the Caryophyllaceae

职业：宿主辐射对寄生虫基因组进化的影响：石竹科的小葡萄属杂交种

• 批准号: 0747222
• 负责人: Michael Hood
• 金额: $ 69万
• 依托单位: Amherst College
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-03-15 至 2014-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0747222&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CAREER; Impact; Host; Radiation; Genome

Hybridization between disease-causing organisms is often met with great concern despite a critical lack of knowledge about factors that promote such events or the consequences for parasite ecology and evolution. In this project a common disease of plants, caused by the fungus Microbotryum, is used to test whether hybrids are more frequent between parasites from closely related hosts, due partly to the ease of disease transmission across the host boundaries. The potential for parasite hybrids to compete against non-hybrids will then be tested under experimental conditions. By documenting the evolution of chromosome structures, these studies will determine how the genetic instability that is typical of hybrids may be overcome to produce viable parasite lineages with novel genomic properties. Investigation of parasites provides opportunities to study very rapid evolutionary dynamics and species interactions, in addition to being of great importance to preventing human misery cause by disease. More generally, the role of hybridization has been revealed in a broad range of plants and animals, and Microbotryum is a uniquely tractable model to study changes in genome structure. This project will contribute directly into curricular development in areas of genomics and infectious disease and to the training of multiple undergraduate students entering careers in evolutionary biology.

尽管对促进此类事件的因素或对寄生虫生态学和进化的后果的知识批评，但造成疾病生物之间的杂交通常会引起人们的关注。在该项目中，由真菌微生物造成的一种常见植物疾病用于测试寄生虫之间在密切相关宿主的寄生虫之间是否更频繁，部分原因是宿主边界疾病的易于传播。寄生虫混合动力与非杂交竞争的潜力将在实验条件下进行测试。通过记录染色体结构的演变，这些研究将确定如何克服杂种典型的遗传不稳定性，以产生具有新型基因组特性的可行寄生虫谱系。 对寄生虫的研究提供了研究非常快速进化动态和物种相互作用的机会，除了对防止通过疾病的人类痛苦重要性非常重要。更笼统地，在广泛的动植物中已经揭示了杂交的作用，而微生物是研究基因组结构变化的独特模型。该项目将直接促进基因组学和传染病领域的课程发展，并培训多名大学生从事进化生物学职业的培训。