Karyotype Dynamics And Automixis In Microbotryum

微葡萄球菌的核型动力学和自混合

• 批准号: 0346832
• 负责人: Michael Hood
• 金额: $ 44.5万
• 依托单位: University of Virginia Main Campus
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-03-01 至 2006-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0346832&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Karyotype; Dynamics; Automixis; Microbotryum

Unlike most organisms where the structure of the chromosomes (the karyotype) is relatively stable, in the fungus Microbotryum there is enormous variation in chromosome size and the DNA content from one generation to the next. Even within an individual, there can be large differences between its two chromosome sets. The reasons for this variation appear to be related to the reproductive system of the fungus where mating occurs among the gametes produced by one precursor cell (automixis). This mating system is very similar to that found in many other fungi, plants, and insects. This study will examine the consequences of changes in genomic structure for offspring viability, as well as the correlations between chromosome variation and the proportion of the genome consisting of highly repetitive sequences of DNA.Understanding the dynamics of genetic variation is the basis not only for interpreting evolutionary processes, but also for rational approaches to plant and animal breeding and population management for conservation, disease prevention, and control of invasive species. Furthermore, even small changes in chromosome structure are frequently associated with severe abnormalities in humans and other systems. This study will help identify genetic processes that allow some organisms to cope and even adapt to genomic instability.

与大多数生物体不同，染色体（核型）的结构相对稳定，在真菌微生物中，染色体大小的巨大变化和从一代到另一代的DNA含量。 即使在一个人内，其两个染色体组之间也可能存在很大的差异。 这种变化的原因似乎与真菌的生殖系统有关，在该真菌中，在一个前体细胞（Automixis）产生的配子中发生了交配。 这种交配系统与许多其他真菌，植物和昆虫中发现的系统非常相似。 这项研究将检查基因组结构的后代生存力的变化以及染色体变异与由DNA高度重复序列组成的基因组的比例之间的相关性。理解遗传变异的动态不仅是对植物和动物繁殖的疾病的疾病和疾病的疾病的基础，不仅是对植物和动物的疾病进行疾病和动物的疾病的基础。 此外，即使染色体结构的小变化也经常与人类和其他系统的严重异常有关。 这项研究将有助于确定允许某些生物体应对甚至适应基因组不稳定性的遗传过程。