In Situ Characterization of a Single Catalytic Nanoparticle

单个催化纳米颗粒的原位表征

• 批准号: 0729630
• 负责人: Philip Collins
• 金额: $ 30万
• 依托单位: University of California-Irvine
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-09-01 至 2010-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0729630&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Situ; Characterization; Single; Catalytic; Nanoparticle

0729630Collins, Philip A poor understanding of catalytic activity currently limits the efficiency with which new catalysts can be discovered, optimized, and implemented in commercial applications. This project describes a focused effort to measure the chemical activity of single catalytic nanoparticles. By measuring particles singly, the consequences of composition, size, and substrate support can be precisely determined, in order to uncover mechanisms which make some catalyst systems more effective than others. The research is underpinned by new experimental techniques in which single catalytic particles are integrated into operational, three-terminal nanoscale circuits. The PI's research group at UC Irvine specializes in the fabrication, characterization, and chemical modification of circuits based on carbon nanotubes, and has demonstrated the ability to build circuits in which the resistance is dominated by a single platinum, palladium, or nickel particle. Current expertise includes the ability to produce a point defect in a pristine carbon nanotube, tailor the chemistry of that defect, and then nucleate and grow one particle at that site. The project goal is to employ these nanocircuits to monitor the chemical activity of catalyst particles in situ and in real time. The circuits are exquisitely sensitive to their attachments, and chemical readout from single Pd and Ni particles has already been demonstrated in liquids and gases. The project will explore both catalytic and electrochemical reactions occurring at the surfaces of various metal, intermetallic, and metal oxide particles. The intellectual merit of this research program is a focused effort to quantitatively differentiate between very similar catalytic systems. For example, one objective is to distinguish the relative activity of differently-sized Pd particles. Another aim is to compare hydroxyl- and carboxylterminated carbons as catalyst supports. A third objective is to prepare dual-particle systems in order to study the importance of interparticle spacing. Each of these investigations directly addresses major shortcomings in common ensemble measurements and potentially provides an efficient route to new breakthroughs in catalysis research. This project will also have significant broader impact by accelerating the discovery process of high activity catalysts. If successful, this proposal will directly address process control and improve the predictability of catalyst systems. The project will also generate multiple opportunities for graduate training at UC Irvine and be reinforced by the PI's extensive teaching and outreach activities.

菲利普0729630柯林斯（Collins）对催化活性的了解不足，目前限制了在商业应用中发现，优化和实施新催化剂的效率。该项目描述了衡量单个催化纳米颗粒的化学活性的重点努力。通过单独测量颗粒，可以精确确定组成，大小和底物支持的后果，以发现使某些催化剂系统比其他催化剂系统更有效的机制。这项研究的基础是新的实验技术，其中单个催化颗粒被整合到操作的三端纳米级电路中。 UC Irvine的PI研究小组专门研究基于碳纳米管的电路的制造，表征和化学修饰，并证明了建立电阻的能力，在该电路中，该电路由单个铂，钯或镍粒子主导。当前的专业知识包括在原始碳纳米管中产生点缺陷的能力，定制该缺陷的化学性质，然后在该部位成核并生长一个粒子。项目目标是利用这些纳米电路来实时和实时监测催化剂颗粒的化学活性。这些电路对它们的附着非常敏感，并且在液体和气体中已经证明了单个PD和Ni颗粒的化学读数。该项目将探索在各种金属，金属间和金属氧化物颗粒表面发生的催化和电化学反应。该研究计划的智力优点是一项重点努力，以定量区分非常相似的催化系统。例如，一个目的是区分不同大小的PD颗粒的相对活性。另一个目的是将羟基和羧基端的碳作为催化剂支撑进行比较。第三个目标是准备双粒子系统，以研究颗粒间距的重要性。这些研究中的每一个都直接解决了共同集成测量的主要缺点，并有可能为催化研究中的新突破提供有效的途径。通过加速高活动催化剂的发现过程，该项目还将产生更广泛的影响。如果成功，该建议将直接解决过程控制并改善催化剂系统的可预测性。该项目还将为UC Irvine的研究生培训带来多种机会，并通过PI的广泛教学和外展活动来加强。