Fluid mechanical and chemical cues in Thin Layers: Effects of scale and individual behavior

薄层中的流体机械和化学线索：规模和个体行为的影响

• 批准号: 0728238
• 负责人: Jeannette Yen
• 金额: $ 52.97万
• 依托单位: Georgia Tech Research Corporation
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-09-01 至 2012-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0728238&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Fluid; mechanical; chemical; cues; Thin

This project will study the role of zooplankton behavior in producing aggregations in response to ocean structure. The focus is on thin layers, a wide-spread oceanic phenomenon that may serve as an organizing element of plankton patchiness. The objective is to quantify copepod threshold responses to key properties of thin layers. The successful creation of a controlled well-defined thin layer in a laboratory setting enables a quantitative comparison of kinematic patterns of plankton in response to fine-scale biological-chemical-physical features. The specially-designed apparatus creates flow gradients at naturally-occurring strain rate, density gradient, and phytoplankton exudate concentration levels, thus mimicking the essential properties of this fine-scale oceanic feature. A unique feature of the proposed treatments is that by presenting cues separately, the dominant cue for aggregation and interactions among cues can be assessed. The proposed experimental design isolates the effect of 1. individual cues, combined cues, and combined cues that are spatially separated, 2. zooplankton size, and 3. palatable vs. toxic phytoplankton species in the thin layer. The project will also evaluate the role of copepod satiation in the threshold sensitivity of plankton to thin layer cues. The ability to observe andquantify zooplankton behavior within a well-controlled environment enables a direct link between behavior and structure. Current approaches to this problem are limited because of a technological inability to sample in the ocean at the necessary scales. To scale up from the laboratory studies to in situ behavior, the laboratory data on zooplankton behavioral responses to oceanic structure will be examined for zooplankton populations using an individual-based model. The mathematical model parameterized with measured current field data will be used to reproduce the concurrent observations (in collaboration with Tim Cowles, Mark Benfield, Carin Ashjian, and Malinda Sutor) of zooplankton associated with physical-chemical oceanic features can be predicted using. Thus, fine-scale zooplankton behavior will be connected to their field distribution with respect to features in the ocean.Broader Impacts: The biological and physical mechanisms underlying zooplankton behavioral responses are important to interpret and predict energy and material cycling and productivity of ocean ecosystems. The proposed research will be valuable to fisheries management by advancing our understanding of the impact of environmental change on the distribution and availability of prey items for managed living marine resources, such as juvenile salmon and other small pelagic fish. This research relies on an interdisciplinary collaboration between biology and fluid mechanics. The continued collaboration at Georgia Tech brings innovative tools to the oceanographic community and contributes to instrument development for in situ imaging. This proposal also represents a new collaboration between Gerogia Tech and NOAA Fisheries through the participation of Andrew Leising, who is a de facto Co-PI. The students involved in this project will experience a rich interdisciplinary research environment. This training will be further enhanced by on-going educational efforts, within existing NSF IGERT and REU programs in the area of aquatic chemical and hydromechanical signaling.

该项目将研究浮游动物行为在响应海洋结构中产生聚集的作用。重点是薄层，这是一种广泛的海洋现象，可以作为浮游生物斑块的组织元素。目的是量化对薄层关键特性的copepod阈值响应。在实验室环境中，成功地创建了受控良好的薄层，可以对浮游生物的运动学模式进行定量比较，以响应细性的生物学化学化学特征。专门设计的设备以自然出现的应变速率，密度梯度和浮游植物渗出液浓度水平创建流动梯度，从而模仿了这种细尺度海洋特征的基本特性。提出的治疗方法的一个独特特征是，通过分别介绍线索，可以评估提示的主要提示和提示之间的相互作用。提出的实验设计分离了1个单个线索，合并的提示和合并的线索的效果，它们是空间分离的，2。浮游动物大小，3。可口与薄层中有毒的浮游植物物种。该项目还将评估CopePod satiation在浮游生物对薄层提示的阈值敏感性中的作用。在良好的控制环境中观察和Quantsial浮游动物行为的能力可以在行为与结构之间有直接的联系。目前解决此问题的方法受到限制，因为技术无法在必要的尺度上在海洋中进行采样。为了从实验室研究扩展到原位行为，将使用基于个体的模型来检查有关浮游动物行为对海洋结构的行为反应的实验室数据。使用测量的当前字段数据进行参数化的数学模型将用于复制与物理化学海洋特征相关的浮游动物的同时观察（与Tim Cowles，Mark Benfield，Carin Ashjian和Malinda Sutor合作）。因此，高尺度的浮游动物行为将与海洋中的特征相关。Boader的影响：浮游动​​物行为反应的生物学和物理机制对于解释和预测海洋生态系统的能量，材料循环以及生产力很重要。拟议的研究将通过促进我们对环境变化对猎物的分配和可用性的影响来促进渔业管理的影响，这对渔业管理很有价值，例如少年鲑鱼和其他小型pelagic鱼。这项研究依赖于生物学与流体力学之间的跨学科合作。佐治亚理工学院的持续合作为海洋学社区带来了创新的工具，并为原位成像的仪器开发做出了贡献。该提案还代表了Gerogia Tech与NOAA渔业之间通过Andrew Leising的参与，他是事实上的Co-Pi。参与该项目的学生将体验丰富的跨学科研究环境。在现有的NSF IGERT和REU计划中，在水生化学和水力力学信号传导领域的现有NSF IGERT和REU计划中，将进一步增强这种培训。