Dynamic Similarity or Size Proportionality? Adaptations of a Polar Copepod.

动态相似性还是大小比例？

• 批准号: 0324539
• 负责人: Jeannette Yen
• 金额: $ 5.03万
• 依托单位: Georgia Tech Research Corporation
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-03-15 至 2004-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0324539&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dynamic; Similarity; Size; Proportionality; Adaptations

This project explores the feasibility of applying fluid physical analyses to evaluate the importance of viscous forces over compensatory temperature adaptations in a polar copepod. The water of the Southern Ocean is 20 Celsius colder and nearly twice as viscous as subtropical seas, and the increased viscosity has significant implications for swimming zooplankton. In each of these warm and cold aquatic environments have evolved abundant carnivorous copepods in the family Euchaetidae. In this exploratory study, two species from the extremes of the natural temperature range (0 and 23C) will be compared to test two alternate hypotheses concerning how Antarctic plankton adapt to the low temperature-high viscosity realm of the Antarctic and to evaluate the importance of viscous forces in the evolution of plankton. How do stronger viscous forces and lower temperature affect the behavior of the Antarctic species? If the Antarctic congener is dynamically similar to its tropical relative, it will operate at the same Reynolds number (Re) as its tropical congener. Alternatively, if the adaptations of the Antarctic congener are proportional to size, they should occupy a higher Re regime, which suggests that the allometry of various processes is not constrained by having to occupy a transitional fluid regime. The experiments are designed with clearly defined outcomes regarding a number of copepod characteristics, such as swimming speed, propulsive force, and size of the sensory field. These characteristics determine not only how copepods relate to the physical world, but also structure their biological interactions. The results of this study will provide insights on major evolutionary forces affecting plankton and provide a means to evaluate the importance of the fluid physical conditions relative to compensatory measures for temperature. Fluid physical, biomechanical, and neurophysiological techniques have not been previously applied to these polar plankton. However, these approaches, if productive and feasible, will provide ways to explore the sensory ecology of polar plankton and the role of small-scale biological-physical-chemical interactions in a polar environment. Experimental evidence validating the importance of viscous effects will also justify further research using latitudinal comparisons of other congeners along a temperature gradient in the world ocean.

该项目探讨了应用流体物理分析以评估粘性力对极性copepod中补偿性温度适应的重要性的可行性。南大洋的水是20摄氏度的冷，几乎是亚热带海的粘性的两倍，并且粘度的增加对游泳浮游动物具有重要意义。在每个温暖和冷的水生环境中，每个家族中都会演变出丰富的食肉copod。在这项探索性研究中，将比较来自自然温度范围（0和23C）极端的两个物种，以测试两个关于南极浮游生物如何适应南极的低温粘度领域的替代假设，并评估粘性力在浮游生物进化中的重要性。更强的粘性力和较低的温度如何影响南极物种的行为？如果南极同类物在动态上与其热带亲戚相似，则它将以与热带同类物相同的雷诺数（RE）运行。另外，如果南极同类物的适应与大小成正比，则应占据更高的重新制度，这表明各种过程的截态不必因占据过渡流体制度而受到限制。这些实验的设计具有明确定义的结果，这些结果涉及许多CopePod特征，例如游泳速度，推进力和感觉场的大小。这些特征不仅决定了Copepods与物理世界的关系，还决定了它们的生物学相互作用。这项研究的结果将提供有关影响浮游生物的主要进化力的见解，并提供一种评估流体物理条件相对于温度的补偿措施的重要性。以前尚未将流体物理，生物力学和神经生理技术应用于这些极性浮游生物。但是，这些方法（如果有效且可行）将提供探索极地浮游生物的感觉生态学以及在极性环境中小规模生物体化学相互作用的作用。验证粘性效应重要性的实验证据还将使用其他同类物在世界海洋中的温度梯度沿着其他同类物的纬度比较来证明进一步的研究是合理的。