Collaborative Research: The Role of Debris Flows in Shaping Mountainous Terrain

合作研究：泥石流在塑造山地地形中的作用

• 批准号: 0643353
• 负责人: Stephen Lancaster
• 金额: $ 10.75万
• 依托单位: Oregon State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-09-01 至 2012-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0643353&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Role; Debris; Flows

This project will investigate the role of debris flows in shaping mountain ranges. This is a fundamental problem in geomorphology because debris flows are clearly very important transport processes in steep terrain, carrying vast quantities of sediment every year. Yet so little is known about their role in shaping terrain that they have been essentially ignored in landscape evolution models. This project will help fill this critical knowledge gap with a comprehensive program of data collection, topographic analysis, process monitoring, and model development and testing. Data will come from two complementary study areas that are among the best in the world for studying debris-flow dynamics. The first is the central Apennines of Italy, where remarkably detailed data on rates of Quaternary fault-block motion offer an unparalleled natural laboratory for studying landscape response to tectonic forcing. The second is the Oregon Coast Range, where a strong history of process research provides a rich database for testing and refining models of valley formation by debris-flow scour. In the Apennines, geomorphic mapping and automated process monitoring will paint a picture of the nature of flow dynamics, including frequency-magnitude characteristics and processes of bed wear. Digital topographic analysis of ~200 steep mountain channels undergoing different known rates of relative uplift will yield a large database on the response of debris-flow-dominated channels to tectonic forcing. These data will be used to develop, test, and refine a 1D physically based model of valley long-profile evolution driven by debris-flow erosion under varying rates of tectonic uplift. In the Oregon Coast Range, where much is already known about the nature and extent of debris flows, research will concentrate on developing a debris-flow module in an existing landscape evolution model, and testing the ability of this model to account for observed distributions of topography, soil thickness, and process dynamics. Broader impacts: A successful theory for steep mountain headwaters and their response to tectonic forcing has applications in land-use impact analysis and seismic-hazard assessment. This project will train two graduate students and give them national and international contacts. A cutting-edge landscape evolution model will be made more accessible by the development of open-source graphical interface and visualization tools. The project's outreach component will broaden the impact of the research by bringing project materials, including state-of-the-art visualizations of landscape evolution, into the undergraduate classroom as a set of guided-inquiry exercises. Development and application of a standards-aligned version for the secondary- school level will be piloted through workshops with high school science teachers in an economically and racially diverse urban school district.

该项目将调查碎片流在塑造山脉中的作用。这是地貌学上的一个基本问题，因为碎屑流显然是陡峭的地形中非常重要的运输过程，每年都有大量的沉积物。然而，对它们在塑造地形中的作用知之甚少，以至于它们在景观演化模型中基本上被忽略了。该项目将通过全面的数据收集，地形分析，过程监视以及模型开发和测试的全面计划来帮助填补这一关键知识差距。数据将来自两个互补的研究领域，这些领域是研究碎屑流动动力学的最佳研究领域。第一个是意大利的中央亚平宁山脉，其中关于第四纪断层运动速率的详细数据提供了一个无与伦比的天然实验室，用于研究对构造强迫的景观响应。第二个是俄勒冈州海岸范围，其中有很强的工艺研究历史为通过碎片流砂岩测试和精炼山谷形成模型提供了丰富的数据库。在亚平宁山脉中，地貌映射和自动化过程监视将描绘出流动动力学性质的图片，包括频率 - 磁性特征和床磨损的过程。 〜200个陡峭的山通道的数字地形分析，经历了相对隆升的不同速率，将产生一个大的数据库，内容涉及碎片流向构造强迫的响应。这些数据将用于开发，测试和完善一个基于1D物理的山谷长期进化模型，该模型在构造隆起速率下，由碎屑流侵蚀驱动。在俄勒冈州海岸范围内，已经对碎屑流的性质和程度进行了广泛了解，研究将集中于在现有景观演化模型中开发碎屑流块模块，并测试该模型在观察到的地形，土壤厚度和过程动力学的分布的能力。更广泛的影响：陡峭的山顶水域的成功理论及其对构造强迫的反应在土地利用影响分析和地震危害评估中应用。该项目将培训两名研究生，并给予他们国家和国际联系。通过开发开源图形界面和可视化工具，将使尖端的景观演化模型更容易获得。该项目的外展部分将通过将项目材料（包括最先进的景观演化可视化）带入本科教室来扩大研究的影响，作为一组指导的诊所练习。将通过与高中科学教师在经济和种族多样化的城市学区的高中科学老师的讲习班进行开发和应用与中学一级的标准版本的开发和应用。