Mountain Stream Sediment Transport

山涧泥沙输送

• 批准号: 1452091
• 负责人: Stephen Lancaster
• 金额: $ 37.47万
• 依托单位: Oregon State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2015-03-15 至 2020-02-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1452091&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Mountain; Stream; Sediment; Transport

A non-technical description of the project that shows the project's importance and significanceThe environment of rivers and streams is important to wildlife that lives in and around these flowing waters. The sediment that accumulates on the riverbed, and how this material moves, is a critical component of the ability of different species to survive or flourish. However, first-hand knowledge of the processes of sediment movement is very limited and difficult to obtain. This project will collect data on the movement of particles in a gravel-bed mountain stream in western Oregon that is a fundamental habitat for Coho salmon. Knowing how and when these gravels move will help develop strategies for preserving proper areas of the stream to encourage the spawning and foraging of these fish. This project will also apply innovative instrumental solutions to actively monitor the movement of gravel through embedded transponders that will help model river transport in other important locations. The development of the small-scale hydropower system used in this research may provide a reliable means for delivering power to instruments in remote locations where solar power is not practical. The project will work with managers and scientists from the Siuslaw National Forest (Oregon), who are actively engaged in stream restoration. The study will provide research projects for a graduate student and research experience for undergraduate research assistants. A technical description of the projectThis project will develop instrumentation to make continuous measurements of sediment transport and flow, as well as measurements of detailed flow hydraulics, channel geometry, and major roughness elements, in order to develop empirical relationships predicting sediment transport in debris-laden mountain streams. A fixed antenna array will monitor movement of gravel embedded with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags, and logging pressure transducers will monitor flow stage between antennas and, thus, water surface gradient at the antennas. Detailed characterization of flow hydraulics, channel topography, bed texture, and in-stream debris will round out the data necessary to characterize total boundary shear stress, form drag, and skin friction with empirical relationships. A small-scale hydropower system will sustainably power the antenna array at a site where clouds and topography limit sunshine during the rainy season. The field effort will be accomplished in a steep stream where large wood is placed to create shelter and floodplain inundation for foraging by native Coho salmon. Sustainable habitat improvements may hinge on reliable prediction of how sediment moves in the vicinity of large wood structures.

对该项目的非技术描述，显示了该项目的重要性和河流和溪流环境的重要性对于生活在这些流动水域和周围周围的野生动植物至关重要。积累在河床上的沉积物以及这种材料如何移动，是不同物种生存或繁荣能力的关键组成部分。但是，对沉积物运动过程的第一手知识非常有限且难以获得。该项目将收集有关俄​​勒冈州西部碎石山流中颗粒运动的数据，这是Coho鲑鱼的基本栖息地。了解这些砾石如何以及何时移动将有助于制定策略，以保存溪流的适当区域，以鼓励这些鱼产卵和觅食。该项目还将采用创新的仪器解决方案，以通过嵌入的应答器积极监测砾石的运动，这将有助于在其他重要位置建模河流运输。本研究中使用的小规模水电系统的开发可能为在太阳能不实用的偏远地区提供电力提供了可靠的手段。该项目将与来自Siuslaw国家森林（俄勒冈州）的经理和科学家合作，他们积极从事溪流修复。该研究将为研究生和研究经验提供研究项目，为本科研究助理。对项目项目的技术描述将开发仪器，以对沉积物的运输和流动进行连续测量，并测量详细的流液压，通道几何形状和主要的粗糙度元素，以发展经验关系，以预测碎屑山流中的沉积物传输。固定的天线阵列将监视带有被动集成的应答器（PIT）标签嵌入的砾石的运动，并且日志记录压力换能器将监视天线之间的流动阶段，从而监视天线上的水面梯度。流液压，通道地形，床纹理和流中碎片的详细表征将围绕表征总边界剪切应力，形式阻力和具有经验关系的皮肤摩擦所需的数据。小型水电系统将在雨季限制云层限制阳光的地点的天线阵列可持续为天线阵列供电。现场努力将在陡峭的溪流中完成，在那里放置大木材，以造成庇护所和洪泛区淹没，以供本地的Coho鲑鱼觅食。可持续的栖息地改善可能取决于对大型木结构附近沉积物如何移动的可靠预测。