HSD: A Longitudinal Analysis of the Social Dynamics of Environmental Equity in Baltimore

HSD：巴尔的摩环境公平社会动态的纵向分析

• 批准号: 0624159
• 负责人: Christopher Boone
• 金额: $ 74.94万
• 依托单位: Arizona State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-09-15 至 2011-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0624159&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: HSD; Longitudinal; Analysis; Social; Dynamics

Urbanization is one of the most significant changes in the human condition over the last century. As cities become habitat for the majority of the world's people, new challenges arise. Bringing together diverse groups in relatively compact areas has led to inequities based on class, race, and other social dynamics. Segregation and clustering of people and land use and the uneven distribution of environmental amenities and disamenities mean that some groups will suffer more from living near undesirable land uses, while others groups may enjoy disproportionate benefits from residing near desirable land uses. Unmasking such patterns of inequity and the processes responsible for creating them falls under the broad rubric of environmental justice, a growing field of scholarship to which this project will contribute in new and innovative ways. Through an interdisciplinary, longitudinal, intensive case study of Baltimore, the researchers will identify and explain the spatial and temporal dynamics of environmental equity patterns and processes in a large, post-industrial city that has undergone profound socioeconomic change. The project will employ three new methods: (1) The investigators will combine a longitudinal analysis of the patterns of environmental inequity (outcome equity) and the processes that lead to those patterns (process equity) over the long term, from 1880 to the present, a period of rapid industrialization as well as significant economic and population change. The vast majority of environmental justice studies focus on outcome equity with only a cursory treatment of the processes that create those patterns. A systematic examination of equity patterns and processes over the long term, using proximity to Toxics Release Inventory, heavy manufacturing sites as a disamenity, and parks and greenspace as an amenity, will provide a robust, documented, and accessible dataset that will illuminate the relationships between population characteristics and amenities/disamenities, their changes over time, and the impact of the legacies of past dynamics on present patterns. (2) The investigators project will integrate Geographically Weighted Regression with temporal analysis of equity patterns. This method will answer the fundamental question in environmental justice research of whether environmental equity patterns display spatial and temporal nonstationarity, where the relationship between dependent and independent variables may vary over space and time. (3) Long-term data collection and analysis will allow the team to test if there are global relationships between amenity/disamenity densities that relate to shifts in neighborhood characteristics. The longitudinal dataset also will permit an analysis of temporal lags to test if and when population characteristics change after critical amenity/disamenity thresholds are reached.In broad terms, findings from this study will strengthen scientific understanding of the dynamic relationships among population, land use, and built form of metropolitan areas. Results from this project will provide key new knowledge and data for urbanization models as well as necessary understanding to support meaningful attempts to mitigate environmental injustice. The data, findings, and educational activities from this study will actively contribute to long-term understanding of environmental justice legacies, discrepancies, and potential levers for remediation. The research will build upon existing research and resources from the Baltimore Ecosystem Study (BES) and the Urban Ecology Collaborative (UEC), an expanding network of public and nonprofit partners across seven cities in the northeast U.S. that seek to create healthy urban ecosystems. The project will encourage active stewardship of Baltimore's environment by diverse racial and ethnic groups through the BES's extensive partnerships with public and nonprofit agencies. Dissemination of research results to managers of environmental initiatives will be expedited by these partnerships, and the BES and UEC will incorporate data and results from this study into their respective high-school curricula efforts. Graduate and undergraduate students will be active participants in the project research, workshops, and meetings and will be trained in integrated urban ecology research, a core education and research principle of the participating institutions.An award resulting from the FY 2006 NSF-wide competition on Human and Social Dynamics (HSD) supports this project. All NSF directorates and offices are involved in the coordinated management of the HSD competition and the portfolio of HSD awards.

城市化是上个世纪人类状况中最重要的变化之一。 随着城市成为世界大多数人民的栖息地，出现了新的挑战。 在相对紧凑的领域汇集了不同的群体，导致基于阶级，种族和其他社会动态的不平等。 人民和土地使用的隔离和聚类以及环境便利和障碍的不均匀分布意味着，某些团体将因靠近不受欢迎的土地用途而遭受更多的痛苦，而其他群体可能会因居住在理想的土地用途而获得不成比例的利益。 揭露这种不平等的模式和负责创造它们的过程属于环境正义的广泛概括，这是一个越来越多的奖学金领域，该项目将以新的和创新的方式为此做出贡献。 通过对巴尔的摩的跨学科，纵向强化的案例研究，研究人员将在一个大型的后工业化城市中识别和解释环境平等模式和过程的空间和时间动态，这些城市经历了深刻的社会经济变化。 该项目将采用三种新方法：（1）研究人员将结合对环境不平等的模式（成果权益）的纵向分析，以及从1880年到现在的长期导致这些模式（过程权益）的过程，即快速工业化的时期，以及重大的经济和人口变化。 绝大多数环境司法研究仅通过对创造这些模式的过程的粗略处理，将其重点放在结果公平上。 长期对公平模式和过程进行系统的检查，使用与毒物的邻近性释放库存，重型制造地点是一种脱节性，公园和绿空间作为一种便利设施，将提供一个可靠的，有记录的和可访问的数据集，可以阐明人口特征和脱离的人群/置换率/脱离的模式，并影响了范围，并影响了范围，并影响了范围，并影响了这些范围，并构成了范围，并且会影响范围。 （2）研究人员项目将将地理位置加权回归与权益模式的时间分析相结合。 该方法将回答环境正义研究中的基本问题，即环境平等模式是否显示空间和时间非组织性，在这种情况下，因变量和自变量之间的关系可能会随着时空和时间而变化。 （3）长期数据收集和分析将使团队能够测试与邻里特征转变有关的便利/障碍密度之间是否存在全球关系。 纵向数据集还将允许对时间滞后的分析，以测试达到关键的舒适性/障碍性阈值后的人口特征是否会发生变化。在广义上，这项研究的结果将加强对人口，土地使用和建立大都市地区的动态关系的科学理解。 该项目的结果将为城市化模型提供关键的新知识和数据，以及必要的理解，以支持有意义的尝试减轻环境不公的尝试。 这项研究的数据，发现和教育活动将积极地有助于对环境正义遗产，差异和潜在的修复杠杆的长期理解。 这项研究将基于巴尔的摩生态系统研究（BES）和城市生态合作（UEC）的现有研究和资源，这是美国东北部七个城市的公共和非营利合作伙伴的扩展网络，试图创建健康的城市生态系统。 该项目将通过BES与公共和非营利机构的广泛合作伙伴关系来鼓励各种种族和族裔团体积极管理巴尔的摩环境的管理。 这些合作伙伴关系将加快将研究结果传播给环境计划的经理，而BES和UEC将将这项研究的数据和结果纳入各自的高中课程工作中。 研究生和本科生将积极参与项目研究，研讨会和会议的参与者，并将接受综合城市生态研究的培训，这是参与机构的核心教育和研究原则。由2006财年NSF范围内针对人类和社会动态竞争（HSD）颁发的奖项。 所有NSF局和办公室都参与了HSD竞赛和HSD奖项组合的协调管理。