Common and Distinct Reward and Punishment Systems in the Human Brain

人脑中常见和独特的奖励和惩罚系统

• 批准号: 0617174
• 负责人: John O'Doherty
• 金额: $ 29.81万
• 依托单位: California Institute of Technology
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-09-01 至 2010-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0617174&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Common; Distinct; Reward; Punishment; Systems

In the course of everyday life, people are frequently faced with decisions between different goals. Often these involve choices between different types of rewards. For example, should I spend extra hours at work to get that salary bonus, or should I spend that time instead to be with my family? In order to develop an understanding of how the brain computes decisions between different types of reward it is necessary to first determine how each of these different types of reward are represented in the brain. The goals of this project are to determine whether different rewards are represented in different brain areas, and whether there also exists a system that responds similarly to different types of reward. With support from the National Science Foundation, Dr. John O'Doherty and colleagues at the California Institute of Technology will address these questions by using brain imaging techniques (functional magnetic resonance imaging) to probe neural responses to rewards and punishments in a number of key brain regions known to be involved in processing of emotional responses and rewards, including the amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex, ventral striatum and anterior insula. A series of experiments will be conducted during which human volunteers will be presented with two different types of reward and punishment: juice (pleasant and aversive) and money (wins and losses), interleaved within the same experiments. These responses will then be compared directly to test for regions responding to both types of reward or punishment, as well as to determine regions that respond exclusively to one or other type. Brain responses will be measured not only to the receipt of reward, but also to their expectation. This work will result in a more comprehensive picture of reward and punishment representations in the human brain. The research could also provide insights into the mechanisms underlying complex decision making behaviors that depend on integration of different types of reward information. The findings generated by this research could help elucidate the fundamental learning mechanisms that underlie all motivated behaviors. Such findings could have a significant impact on fields outside cognitive neuroscience such as economics and decision theory. This research could also lead to the development of novel techniques to help people make better decisions, or improve learning and skill acquisition through the use of reinforcement. The funding from this application will be used to support a new research group at Caltech which can provide research training opportunities for undergraduate, graduate and post-doctoral trainees in cognitive neuroscience and brain imaging.

在日常生活过程中，人们经常面临不同目标之间的决定。这些通常涉及不同类型的奖励之间的选择。例如，我应该花更多的时间在工作上获得薪水奖金，还是应该花时间与家人在一起？为了建立对大脑如何计算不同类型奖励之间决策的理解，必须首先确定这些不同类型的奖励如何在大脑中代表。该项目的目标是确定是否在不同的大脑领域表示不同的奖励，以及是否存在对不同类型奖励类似响应的系统。在国家科学基金会的支持下，加利福尼亚理工学院的约翰·奥多赫蒂（John O'Doherty）博士和同事将通过使用脑成像技术（功能磁共振成像）来解决这些问题，以探测许多关键大脑区域的奖励和惩罚的神经反应，其中许多关键的大脑区域都参与了情感响应和奖励的处理，包括emyiat and and and and emyiat and andriat and andriat and andriat and artriat and orbitorect and orbitor and orbitort orbitort orbitor cortront，或者岛。将进行一系列实验，在此期间，将向人类志愿者提供两种不同类型的奖励和惩罚：果汁（愉快，厌恶）和金钱（胜利和损失），在同一实验中交织在一起。然后，将直接比较这些响应，以测试对两种类型的奖励或惩罚响应的区域，并确定仅响应一种或另一种类型的区域。 大脑反应将不仅要衡量，还要以收到奖励的收到，还要衡量他们的期望。这项工作将导致对人脑中的奖励和惩罚表达的更全面的了解。这项研究还可以提供有关依赖于整合不同类型奖励信息的复杂决策行为的机制的见解。这项研究产生的发现可以帮助阐明所有动机行为的基本学习机制。这样的发现可能会对认知神经科学之外的领域产生重大影响，例如经济学和决策理论。这项研究还可能导致开发新颖的技术，以帮助人们做出更好的决策，或通过使用强化来改善学习和技能。该应用程序的资金将用于支持加州理工学院的新研究小组，该研究小组可以为认知神经科学和大脑成像的本科，研究生和博士后学员提供研究培训机会。