MRI: Acquisition of a high performance 3T magnetic resonance system for high resolution human brain imaging

MRI：获取用于高分辨率人脑成像的高性能 3T 磁共振系统

• 批准号: 1727007
• 负责人: John O'Doherty
• 金额: $ 98万
• 依托单位: California Institute of Technology
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2017-08-15 至 2019-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1727007&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: MRI; Acquisition; performance; 3T; magnetic

This NSF Major Research Instrumentation (MRI) Award will enable a three-year grant to purchase a major upgrade to the magnetic resonance imaging scanner used for studying the function and structure of the human brain by neuroscience researchers at the California Institute of Technology and their national and international collaborators. The award will support the upgrade of the existing Siemens Tim Trio 3T scanner at the Caltech Brain Imaging Center to the latest Siemens Prisma platform. The upgraded scanner will provide clearer and more detailed images of the human brain. Such an improvement in imaging capabilities will enable Caltech researchers to address fundamental problems such as how the brain learns from experience, how the brain makes decisions and how brains support the ability to learn from and interact with other people in social contexts. This new equipment will ultimately help Caltech researchers obtain a better understanding of how the brain works, how it is wired up, and how it may dysfunction in disease. That knowledge, in turn, will contribute to efforts to build artificially intelligent systems. The grant will also enable students and post-docs to obtain experience in using state-of-the-art brain imaging equipment, through classes taught at Caltech that offer hands-on-experience as well as through the participation of trainees in research projects that utilize the equipment. Taken together, the cutting-edge science enabled by the new equipment, and the training of the next generation of young scientists on it, will contribute substantially to cognitive, decision and social neuroscience at Caltech, in the US and worldwide. To advance understanding about how the brain supports the capacity of humans to learn, make decisions and mediate social interactions it will be necessary to make progress in three distinct domains. First, there is a need to develop a much more detailed circuit-level understanding of the neural mechanisms underlying these various computational processes by resolving the functional properties of discrete neuroanatomical sub-divisions within each of the relevant brain areas of interest such as the amygdala, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, striatum and midbrain. Second, it is necessary to address how the various sub-processes that are implemented in these distinct sub-systems are ultimately integrated together at the systems level to drive complex behavior. Third, it will be important to characterize how the various computations and neural implementations differ across time, tasks and individuals. The Siemens Prisma scanner provides technical capabilities that are uniquely suited to advance progress in each of these three domains at the California Institute of Technology. The new platform will offer significant improvements in the quality of high resolution fMRI scans obtained from brain structures of interest, by minimizing dropout and geometric distortion, and by increasing signal-to-noise. These capabilities will also enhance the stability of the images obtained and hence improve test-retest reliability, while the improved gradient set will offer major gains in the quality of diffusion weighted imaging, and of functional connectivity data.

这项NSF主要研究工具（MRI）奖将使三年赠款能够购买加利福尼亚技术研究所的神经科学研究人员及其国家和国际合作者的神经科学研究人员，用于研究用于研究人脑功能和结构的磁共振成像扫描仪。 该奖项将支持加州理工学院脑成像中心现有的西门子Tim Trio 3T扫描仪的升级到最新的西门子Prisma平台。升级后的扫描仪将为人脑提供更清晰，更详细的图像。对成像功能的这种改善将使加州理工学院的研究人员能够解决基本问题，例如大脑如何从经验中学习，大脑如何做出决策以及大脑如何支持在社会环境下与其他人学习和互动的能力。这种新设备最终将帮助加州理工学院的研究人员更好地了解大脑的工作方式，如何连接以及如何在疾病中功能障碍。反过来，这些知识将有助于建立人为智能的系统的努力。这笔赠款还将使学生和职业生涯能够通过在加州理工学院（Caltech）教授的课程来获得使用最先进的大脑成像设备的经验，这些课程提供了实验性的经验以及通过受训者参与利用设备的研究项目。 综上所述，新设备支持的尖端科学以及对下一代年轻科学家的培训将在美国和全球范围内在加州理工学院的认知，决策和社会神经科学上做出重大贡献。为了促进对大脑如何支持人类学习能力，做出决策和调解社会互动的能力的理解，有必要在三个不同的领域中取得进步。首先，有必要通过在每个相关的大脑区域内（例如杏仁核，腹膜前乳状细胞和中脑和中脑）在每个相关的大脑区域（例如，静脉for骨前室和中脑）中分离神经植物学细分的功能性能，从而对这些各种计算过程的神经机制进行更详细的电路级别的理解。其次，有必要解决在这些不同的子系统中实现的各种子过程最终如何在系统级别集成在一起以驱动复杂的行为。第三，表征各种计算和神经实现如何在时间，任务和个人之间有何不同将很重要。西门子Prisma扫描仪提供了技术能力，非常适合在加利福尼亚理工学院的这三个领域中的每个领域中进步。新平台将通过最大程度地减少掉落和几何变形，并增加信号到噪声来最大程度地减少从感兴趣的大脑结构，最小化的大脑结构获得的高分辨率FMRI扫描质量的显着改善。这些功能还将提高获得的图像的稳定性，从而提高测试可靠性，而改进的梯度集将在扩散加权成像和功能连接数据的质量方面可获得重大收益。

项目成果

How Dynamic Brain Networks Tune Social Behavior in Real Time

• DOI: 10.1177/0963721418773362
• 发表时间: 2018-10
• 期刊: Current Directions in Psychological Science
• 影响因子: 7.2
• 作者: B. Silston;D. Bassett;D. Mobbs

How cognitive and reactive fear circuits optimize escape decisions in humans

• DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1712314115
• 发表时间: 2018-03-20
• 期刊: PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
• 影响因子: 11.1
• 作者: Qi, Song;Hassabis, Demis;Mobbs, Dean
• 通讯作者: Mobbs, Dean

Task complexity interacts with state-space uncertainty in the arbitration between model-based and model-free learning.

在基于模型和无模型学习之间的仲裁中，任务复杂性与状态空间不确定性相互作用。

• DOI: 10.1101/393983
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Nature communications
• 影响因子: 16.6
• 作者: Kim, D. Park

Evidence for model-based encoding of Pavlovian contingencies in the human brain

• DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08922-7
• 发表时间: 2019-03-07
• 期刊: NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
• 影响因子: 16.6
• 作者: Pauli, Wolfgang M.;Gentile, Giovanni;O'Doherty, John P.
• 通讯作者: O'Doherty, John P.

Reappraisal of incentives ameliorates choking under pressure and is correlated with changes in the neural representations of incentives

• DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsy108
• 发表时间: 2019-01-01
• 期刊: SOCIAL COGNITIVE AND AFFECTIVE NEUROSCIENCE
• 影响因子: 4.2
• 作者: Dunne, Simon;Chib, Vikram S.;O'Doherty, John P.
• 通讯作者: O'Doherty, John P.