Collaborative Research: Paleobiology and Extinction of Mammoths in northern Siberia and Wrangel Island

合作研究：西伯利亚北部和弗兰格尔岛的古生物学和猛犸象灭绝

• 批准号: 0545095
• 负责人: Daniel Fisher
• 金额: $ 21.5万
• 依托单位: Regents of the University of Michigan - Ann Arbor
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-06-15 至 2011-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0545095&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Collaborative; Research; Paleobiology; Extinction; Mammoths

Collaborative Research: Paleobiology and Extinction of Mammoths in northern Siberia and Wrangel IslandDaniel C. Fisher, Univ. Michigan EAR-0615095David L. Fox, Univ. Minnesota EAR-0615090ABSTRACT Woolly mammoths (Mammuthus primigenius) were important members of Ice Age faunas until the time of their extinction, about 10,000 years ago on the Siberian mainland, and only 3700 years ago on Wrangel Island, off the northeast coast of Siberia. This project will clarify aspects of mammoth biology, the cause of mammoth extinction, and the nature of environmental change during the transition from the Ice Age to climates more typical of today's conditions. The new data that permit these advances come from mammoth tusks, the enlarged incisor teeth typical of all elephant-relatives and frequently recovered from the Arctic permafrost. Mammoth tusks formed through a life-long process of adding cone-shaped layers to the tusk base. This process was modulated by, and thus recorded, complex interactions involving climate, food resources, behavior, and reproductive history. By drilling cores of material from multiple positions along tusks and analyzing the structure and composition of the layers in these cores, we will assemble records of diet, climate, health status, migratory movements, and reproductive history. This yields a detailed picture of how mammoths responded to environmental conditions during their lifetimes, what changes were associated with their dramatic reduction in range, near the end of the Ice Age, and what changes preceded their final extinction. This project will involve fieldwork by University of Michigan and University of Minnesota Co-PIs and graduate students, along with Russian and European collaborators, in north-central Siberia, northeast Siberia, and Wrangel Island. We will collect new specimens, sample specimens in existing collections, and return samples for analysis at our home institutions. Analytical procedures will include (a) radiocarbon dating, to place each specimen in a temporal as well as a spatial context, (b) documentation of growth lines, to lay out the basic framework of life history, (c) oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen isotope analyses, to assess aspects of diet, climate, and physiology, and (d) strontium-isotope analyses to evaluate patterns of migratory movement. Mammoth tusks are a rich archive of natural history and environmental data, and this project coordinates a broad array of approaches for distilling this information and applying it to research questions in multiple fields. Collaborative aspects of this project support international cooperation in Europe and Asia, and the dramatic character of mammoths and mammoth tusks makes this work engaging for non-specialist audiences, in addition to the paleontologists, ecologists, archaeologists and climate modelers interested in the data.

合作研究：西伯利亚北部和朗格尔Islanddaniel C. Fisher的古生物学和灭绝。密歇根EAR-0615095DAVID L. FOX，UNIV。明尼苏达州EAR-0615090ABSTRACT WOOLLY MAMMOTHS（Mammuthus primigenius）一直是冰河时代动物群的重要成员，直到他们灭绝时期，大约10，000年前，在西伯利亚大陆上，仅3700年前，仅3700年前，在西伯利亚东北海岸的Wrangel Island上。该项目将阐明猛mm象生物学的各个方面，猛mm灭的原因以及从冰河时代过渡到当今条件更典型的环境变化的性质。这些允许这些进步的新数据来自猛mm象牙，这是所有大象与属性的典型的切牙牙齿扩大，并且经常从北极永久冻土中恢复。猛mm象的象牙是通过在象牙底部添加锥形层的终生过程形成的。该过程受到涉及气候，食物资源，行为和生殖历史的复杂相互作用的调节，并因此记录下来。通过从沿着象牙的多个位置钻孔的材料核心并分析这些核心层的结构和组成，我们将组装饮食，气候，健康状况，迁徙运动和生殖历史记录的记录。这产生了详细的描述，说明了猛mm象在其一生中如何应对环境条件，与冰河时代结束接近范围的急剧减少相关的变化以及最终灭绝之前的变化。该项目将涉及密歇根大学和明尼苏达大学的副研究，以及研究生，以及俄罗斯和欧洲合作者，西伯利亚中北部，西伯利亚东北部和朗格尔岛。我们将收集新标本，现有收藏中的样本样本，并在我们的家庭机构返回样品进行分析。分析程序将包括（a）放射性碳日期，将每个标本放在时间和空间环境中，（b）生长线的文档，以列出生命历史的基本框架，（c）氧气，碳和碳和碳和氮同位素分析，以评估饮食，气候和生理学方面，以及（d）锶 - 同位素分析以评估迁移运动模式。猛mm象的象牙是关于自然历史和环境数据的丰富档案，该项目协调了一系列用于提炼这些信息并将其应用于多个领域的研究问题的方法。该项目的协作方面支持欧洲和亚洲的国际合作，以及猛mm象和猛mm象的戏剧性特征使这项工作吸引了非专业观众，除了古生物学家，生态学家，考古学家，考古学家和气候建模者对数据感兴趣。