Human Dispersals Out of Africa: Mitochondrial and Y chromosomal Genetic Analysis of Eritrean and Omani Populations

人类走出非洲的扩散：厄立特里亚和阿曼人群的线粒体和 Y 染色体遗传分析

• 批准号: 0518530
• 负责人: Connie Mulligan
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: University of Florida
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-07-15 至 2011-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0518530&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Human; Dispersals; Out; Africa; Mitochondrial; Human; Dispersals; Out; Africa; Mitochondrial

Genetic, archaeological, and paleoanthropological data indicate that all major migrations of anatomically modern Homo sapiens (AMHS) originated in Africa and recent data suggest that key dispersals emerged from Horn of Africa. Thus, Horn of Africa and neighboring regions on the Arabian Peninsula are critical to our understanding of the worldwide dispersal of humans out of Africa. There is a dearth of information available on key populations in this region, particularly in southern Arabia. The proposed study combines fieldwork, original laboratory and computational analyses, international collaborations, and innovative outreach programs to reconstruct population movements critical in the dispersal of humans. The project will provide powerful tests of the best current hypotheses of human migrations and generate new data to design future hypotheses. The project builds on past success in reconstructing simple migration histories (Europe and the New World) and serves as a model to determine the utility of genetic variation patterning and phylogenetic methods to reconstruct more complex migration histories. Eight hundred DNA samples from linguistically and geographically diverse populations in Eritrea (Horn of Africa) and Oman (southern Arabia) will be assayed for genetic variation across the mitochondrial genome and the Y chromosome. These data will be used to formulate new hypotheses as well as to test the following hypotheses: 1) a southern dispersal route out of Africa, 2) migration and back-migration between Horn of Africa and Arabia, and 3) expansion of the Semitic language family.Broader impact. 1) An important component of the proposed project is an expedition to collect blood samples in Eritrea (previously unsampled) and Oman (one published study). Genetics workshops will be taught in Eritrea and Oman and necessary laboratory equipment will be donated to each host institution. Aliquots of all collected samples will be shared with Eritrean and Omani colleagues. The proposed collaboration will allow African and Arabian collaborators to retain control of their own genetic resources as well as develop and direct independent research in the future. Eritrean colleagues have already developed a project to investigate resistance to malaria in Eritreans, a subject of national priority. 2) Furthermore, a unique program has been developed in which University of Florida journalism and communications graduate students will participate in University of Florida Department of Anthropology research projects in order to gain hands-on laboratory experience and create a media product for inclusion in their graduate portfolio. This program will have maximum impact because it provides training to the individuals charged with communicating current scientific research to the general public.

遗传，考古学和古人类学数据表明，源自非洲的所有主要迁移（AMHS），最近的数据表明，关键分散来自非洲之角。因此，非洲的角和阿拉伯半岛上的邻近地区对于我们对非洲人类范围内人类的理解至关重要。缺乏有关该地区关键人口的信息，特别是在阿拉伯南部。拟议的研究结合了现场工作，原始实验室和计算分析，国际合作以及创新的外展计划，以重建对人类分散至关重要的人口运动。该项目将对人类迁移的最佳假设提供强大的测试，并生成新数据以设计未来的假设。该项目以过去的成功来重建简单迁移历史（欧洲和新世界），并作为确定遗传变异模式和系统发育方法的实用性以重建更复杂的迁移历史的模型。在厄立特里亚（非洲之角）和阿曼（阿拉伯南部）的语言和地理上种群中的八百个DNA样本将用于整个线粒体基因组和Y染色体的遗传变异。这些数据将用于提出新的假设，并检验以下假设：1）南部分散途径从非洲出发，2）非洲和阿拉伯角之间的迁移和向后移民，以及3）扩大闪族语言家族的范围。 1）拟议项目的一个重要组成部分是在厄立特里亚（以前未采样）和阿曼（一项已发表的研究）中收集血液样本的探险。将在厄立特里亚和阿曼教授遗传研讨会，并将向每个房东捐赠必要的实验室设备。所有收集样品的等分试样将与厄立特里亚和阿曼同事共享。拟议的合作将使非洲和阿拉伯合作者能够保留对自己的遗传资源的控制，并在未来发展和直接独立研究。 厄立特里亚同事已经开发了一个项目，以调查对国家优先事项的厄立特里亚人对疟疾的抵抗。 2）此外，已经制定了一项独特的计划，其中佛罗里达大学的新闻学与传播研究生将参加佛罗里达大学人类学研究项目，以获得动手实验室的经验并创建媒体产品以包含在其研究生组合中。该计划将产生最大的影响，因为它为负责向公众传达当前科学研究的个人提供了培训。