Neuropsychology of Risk Perception and Risk Taking

风险感知和风险承担的神经心理学

• 批准号: 0452932
• 负责人: Elke Weber
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Columbia University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-03-01 至 2007-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0452932&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Neuropsychology; Risk; Perception; Taking

Economists, psychologists and neuroscientists have proposed a wide range of models of people's choices when confronted with risky options that describe how such decisions should be made (normative) or how such decisions appear to be made (descriptive). However, the actual processes by which such choices are made remain an open question. Recently, neuroscience researchers using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have begun to examine how the human brain encodes information about some of the variables used by many models of risky decision making. These techniques have been used to identify neural signals that may be related to both the material and emotional consequences of choices, and can thus inform controversies between competing descriptive theories of risky decision making.We will use neuroscience evidence to test between different theories or models of behavior in two areas of considerable interest to researchers and policy makers: (a) the nature of risk perception and its role in risky decision making, and (b) differences in the way people make risky decisions when basing them on repeated personal experience with the outcomes of choice options vs. basing them on statistical summary information about the choice options, typically provided by others. Our investigation of risk perception and risky choice will relate levels of brain activation in areas known to be involved in risk judgments and risky decisions to choice set characteristics and to observed judgments and choices. This will enable us to test between competing models of risky choice and to investigate the neural determinants of individual differences in risk perception and risky choice. Future studies will take such insights and apply them to risky decisions from description and uncertain decisions from personal experience made in clinical populations, in particular by schizophrenics and young substance abusers. The will help to build a neural process model of risky decision-making in normal adults, which can serve as a foundation for understanding the neural sources of impaired decision making in clinical and other at-risk populations.

经济学家、心理学家和神经科学家提出了人们在面临风险选择时的各种选择模型，这些模型描述了应该如何做出此类决策（规范性）或如何做出此类决策（描述性）。 然而，做出此类选择的实际过程仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。最近，神经科学研究人员使用功能磁共振成像（fMRI）开始研究人脑如何编码许多风险决策模型所使用的一些变量的信息。这些技术已被用来识别可能与选择的物质和情感后果相关的神经信号，从而可以为风险决策的竞争性描述性理论之间的争议提供信息。我们将使用神经科学证据来测试不同的理论或模型之间的差异。研究人员和政策制定者对两个领域的行为非常感兴趣：(a) 风险认知的性质及其在风险决策中的作用，(b) 人们根据重复的个人经验做出风险决策的方式存在差异。选择选项的结果与基于有关选择选项的统计摘要信息（通常由其他人提供）的比较。我们对风险感知和风险选择的研究将已知参与风险判断和风险决策的区域的大脑激活水平与选择集特征以及观察到的判断和选择联系起来。这将使我们能够测试风险选择的竞争模型，并研究风险认知和风险选择个体差异的神经决定因素。未来的研究将利用这些见解，并将其应用于临床人群（特别是精神分裂症患者和年轻药物滥用者）根据描述做出的危险决策和根据个人经验做出的不确定决策。这将有助于建立正常成年人风险决策的神经过程模型，该模型可以作为了解临床和其他高危人群决策受损的神经来源的基础。