Environmental Decision Making by Individuals and Groups

个人和团体的环境决策

• 批准号: 0720452
• 负责人: Elke Weber
• 金额: $ 49.44万
• 依托单位: Columbia University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-09-15 至 2012-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0720452&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Environmental; Decision; Making; Individuals; Groups

This research will examine the relative advantages and disadvantages of having decisions made by an individual or by a group. The research focuses on environmental decisions, an important and complex class of decisions that involve uncertainty, consequences that are realized at different and often distant points in time, and conflicting goals (short- vs. long-term, individual vs. collective, material vs. moral/ethical, cooperative vs. competitive). We will examine the quality of individual vs. group decision processes and outcomes for such complex choice situations and investigate the effect of group composition, in particular of group variation in psychological traits known to affect decision making and of group variation in the way members receive decision-relevant information. We make a (new) distinction of potential practical importance, namely between predecided groups whose members have considered a problem or decision individually before deliberating it as a group and naive groups who are considering a problem or decision for the first time in the group setting. We will also examine the effect of cross-cultural differences in attitudes and values on group decision processes and outcomes, by conducting a subset of studies in multiple countries, including the US, the Netherlands, and Argentina. A recent issue of Psychological Science in the Public Interest (Kozlowski Ilgen 2006) highlights the ubiquity of work groups and the importance of improving group effectiveness. The proposed research will suggest (a) what types of decisions benefit from being made by groups rather than individuals, (b) how group decisions are affected by the composition and preparation of the group, (c) how group decision processes can be improved as a result of a better understanding of these dynamics, and (d) how these improvements can be implemented in the field. Our results can also improve the effectiveness of participatory processes in environmental decisions, which is something several organizations, including the World Bank, have recently called for, with the hope that they lead to greater efficiency of decisions and broader empowerment of stakeholders. While participatory processes can have such outcomes, more needs to be known about how group interactions of typically heterogeneous stakeholders affect decision processes and whether, when, and how participation is a useful tool.

这项研究将探讨由个人或团体做出决策的相对优势和劣势。该研究的重点是环境决策，这是一类重要且复杂的决策，涉及不确定性、在不同且通常遥远的时间点实现的后果以及相互冲突的目标（短期与长期、个人与集体、物质与集体） . 道德/伦理、合作与竞争）。我们将检查个人与群体决策过程和结果在这种复杂选择情况下的质量，并研究群体构成的影响，特别是已知影响决策的心理特征的群体差异以及成员接受决策方式的群体差异-相关信息。我们对潜在的实际重要性进行了（新的）区分，即在预先决定的群体（其成员在作为一个群体进行审议之前单独考虑过某个问题或决定）和幼稚的群体（在群体环境中第一次考虑问题或决定）之间进行区分。我们还将通过在美国、荷兰和阿根廷等多个国家进行部分研究，探讨态度和价值观的跨文化差异对群体决策过程和结果的影响。最近一期《公共利益心理科学》（Kozlowski Ilgen 2006）强调了工作小组的普遍性以及提高小组效率的重要性。拟议的研究将表明（a）哪些类型的决策受益于群体而不是个人的决策，（b）群体的组成和准备如何影响群体决策，（c）如何改进群体决策过程更好地了解这些动态的结果，以及 (d) 如何在实地实施这些改进。我们的研究结果还可以提高环境决策中参与过程的有效性，这是包括世界银行在内的一些组织最近所呼吁的，希望它们能够提高决策效率并赋予利益相关者更广泛的权力。虽然参与过程可以产生这样的结果，但我们需要更多地了解典型的异质利益相关者的群体互动如何影响决策过程，以及参与是否、何时以及如何成为有用的工具。