EMSI: Chemical and Biological Interactions at Environmental Interfaces

EMSI：环境界面的化学和生物相互作用

• 批准号: 0431425
• 负责人: Gordon Brown
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Stanford University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-09-15 至 2011-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0431425&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: EMSI; Chemical; Biological; Interactions; Environmental

This Institute will create fundamental molecular-level understanding of environmental interfaces and the important chemical and biological processes that occur at these interfaces. The Institute's efforts will focus on understanding the structure of water at the surfaces of common metal oxides, the interaction of water with these solids, the effect of hydration on the structure of solid surfaces, the nature of the electrical double layer at solid-water interfaces, the sorption of heavy metal and metalloid ions onto solid surfaces, and how microbial biofilms influence all of these features or processes. Accurate models of the processes occurring at these interfaces are key to understanding solute-substrate interactions. The multidisciplinary team will use a combination of state-of-the-art in situ synchrotron radiation-based spectroscopy and scattering, computational chemistry, and molecular genomic methods to examine the interaction of water and selected metal and metalloid contaminant ions with environmentally important solid substrates with and without microbial biofilm coatings in simplified model systems. In addition, parallel molecular-level studies of more complex natural systems containing contaminant species, such as arsenic and lead, as well as bacteria will be carried out, building on these fundamental studies.Physicochemical and microbiological processes taking place at environmental interfaces influence many natural processes, such as the weathering of earth materials and the formation of solils, as well as the transport and fate of environmental contaminants. A team of scientists and engineers has been assembled to develop and apply new experimental and computational techniques to studies of environmental interfaces. The Institute includes chemists, geochemists, microbiologists, physicists, and soil chemists to ensure that the basic research will also inform more applied research. Some of the important applications of this research include studies that will lead to predictions of the transport behavior and potential bioavailability of heavy metal contaminants in natural aquatic systems and environmental remediation of toxic metals. A cohort of talented and diverse graduate and undergraduate students and post-docs will be trained to work on these complex problems in an interdisciplinary setting. The researchers will also help train middle and high school science teachers in summer institutes on environmental science and will interact with science writers to disseminate their discoveries to the larger public.Environmental Molecular Science Institute (EMSI) awards are given to interdisciplinary teams of university, industrial, and/or national laboratory scientists working on problems aimed at increasing fundamental understanding of natural processes and processes resulting from human activities in the environment at the molecular level. The emphasis in these awards is on collaborative research among teams with complementary research interests and the creation of broad educational experiences for students. The Stanford EMSI team is a partnership among eight faculty at Stanford University, Princeton University, and the University of Alaska-Fairbanks (funded by the National Science Foundation Divisions of Chemistry and Earth Sciences), three researchers drawn from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (funded by the Department of Energy Division of Environmental Remediation Sciences), and one researcher from the National Institute of Standards and Technology. Additional collaborators include a researcher from the U.S. Geological Survey, researchers from several French universities, and four industrial partners (Corning, Inc., DuPont, Skeletal Kinetics, and Zyomyx). The NSF EMSI award incorporates a Collaborative Research in Environmental Molecular Science award, CHE-0089215.

该研究所将建立对环境界面以及在这些界面上发生的重要化学和生物过程的基本理解。该研究所的努力将集中于理解普通金属氧化物表面上的水结构，水与这些固体的相互作用，水合对固体表面结构的影响，固体水接口处电气双层的性质，重金属和金属固醇和金属离子在固体表面上的吸附以及在固体表面上的吸附以及如何影响微生物生物纤维的所有特征或这些特征。在这些接口处发生的过程的准确模型是了解溶质 - 底物相互作用的关键。多学科团队将使用最先进的原位同步子辐射光谱和散射，计算化学和分子基因组方法的组合，以检查水以及所选金属和金属污染物离子与具有微生物生物涂层的环境重要固体基质的相互作用，并选择了金属和金属污染物的固体基质。 此外，将在这些基本研究的基础上进行含有污染物和细菌的更复杂的自然系统的平行分子水平研究，例如砷和铅以及细菌。在环境界面上发生的物理化学化学和微生物过程会影响许多自然过程，例如地球材料和材料的风化，以及材料的潮流以及构建的构建以及构建的构建以及构建的构建以及构建的构建。一支科学家和工程师团队已经组装，以开发和将新的实验和计算技术应用于环境界面的研究。该研究所包括化学家，地球化学家，微生物学家，物理学家和土壤化学家，以确保基础研究还将为更多的应用研究提供信息。这项研究的一些重要应用包括研究将导致对自然水生系统中重金属污染物的运输行为和潜在生物利用度的预测以及有毒金属的环境修复的潜在生物利用度。将在跨学科的环境中培训一系列才华横溢，多元化的毕业生，本科生和学后的培训。研究人员还将帮助培训有关环境科学夏季研究所的中学和高中科学教师，并将与科学作家互动，将他们的发现传播给更大的公共公共。 等级。这些奖项的重点是具有互补研究兴趣的团队之间的合作研究以及为学生创造广泛的教育经验。 The Stanford EMSI team is a partnership among eight faculty at Stanford University, Princeton University, and the University of Alaska-Fairbanks (funded by the National Science Foundation Divisions of Chemistry and Earth Sciences), three researchers drawn from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (funded by the Department of Energy Division of Environmental Remediation Sciences), and one researcher from the National Institute of标准和技术。 其他合作者包括来自美国地质调查局的研究人员，几所法国大学的研究人员以及四个工业伙伴（Corning，Inc。，Dupont，Skeletal动力学和Zyomyx）。 NSF EMSI奖纳入了环境分子科学奖的合作研究，CHE-0089215。