Chemical and Microbial Interactions at Environmental Interfaces

环境界面的化学和微生物相互作用

• 批准号: 0089215
• 负责人: Gordon Brown
• 金额: $ 271万
• 依托单位: Stanford University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-09-15 至 2005-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0089215&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Chemical; Microbial; Interactions; Environmental; Interfaces

This Collaborative Research Activities in Environmental Molecular Science (CRAEMS) Award to Stanford University is supported by the Special Projects Office in the Chemistry Division. Gordon Brown, Scott Fendorf, and Alfred Spormann supported by this award will study the chemical and microbial interactions at environmental interfaces among solids, aqueous solutions, natural organic and plant matter, microorganisms and atmospheric gases. Support is also provided to Satish Myneni at Princeton University through a subaward. Model systems of increasing complexity will be studied with molecular-level probes to explore (1) geometric and electronic surface structures of environmentally relevant hydrated solids; (2) the structure of water at solid-aqueous interfaces and in the vicinity of nonpolar organic molecules absorbed on solid surfaces; (3) the mode of interaction of metal ion cations and oxoanions with these surfaces and with organic ligands and microbial organisms; (4) the structure and bonding of aqueous and surface complexes of these ions; (5) the rates of abiotic and biotic reaction pathways of redox-sensitive metalloids such as arsenic, selenium and uranium; (6) the hydrophobic interactions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with environmental solids at the molecular level; (7) the effects of microbial biofilm coatings on solids on the adsorption and transformation reactions of heavy metal and organic pollutants; and, (8) genomic-level interactions of microorganisms with mineral surfaces and organic and inorganic pollutants. Model studies will be coupled with laboratory studies of natural contaminated systems. Advanced spectroscopic methods, particularly those based on tunable synchrotron radiation, computational chemistry and molecular genomic technologies will be utilized.This fundamental interdisciplinary research will advance our understanding of the role of sorption/precipitation/transformation at environmental interfaces in sequestering heavy metal and organic pollutants and will lead to the development of new remediation methodology. The affiliation with the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory will also introduce environmental scientists and students to synchrotron-based studies in environmental chemistry.

化学部特殊项目办公室的支持，这项授予斯坦福大学环境分子科学（CRAEMS）奖的合作研究活动。该奖项支持的Gordon Brown，Scott Fendorf和Alfred Spormann将研究固体，水溶液，天然有机和植物物质，微生物和大气气体的环境界面上的化学和微生物相互作用。还通过亚武器向普林斯顿大学的Satish Myneni提供了支持。将使用分子级探针研究增加复杂性的模型系统，以探索（1）环境相关水合固体的几何和电子表面结构； （2）在固体界面和在固体表面上吸收的非极性有机分子附近的水结构； （3）金属离子阳离子和氧腐蚀与这些表面以及有机配体和微生物的相互作用的模式； （4）这些离子的水性和表面复合物的结构和粘合； （5）对氧化还原敏感金属的非生物和生物反应途径，例如砷，硒和铀； （6）多环芳烃与分子水平上的环境固体的疏水相互作用； （7）微生物生物膜涂层对固体对重金属和有机污染物的吸附和转化反应的影响； （8）微生物与矿物表面以及有机和无机污染物的基因组水平相互作用。模型研究将与自然污染系统的实验室研究结合使用。高级光谱方法，尤其是基于可调同步子辐射的方法，计算化学和分子基因组技术将被利用。这基本的跨学科研究将促进我们对序列重金属和有机污染物和有机物污染物和新替代方法的环境界面中吸附/降水/转化在环境界面中的作用的理解。斯坦福同步辐射实验室的隶属关系还将向环境科学家和学生介绍基于同步性的环境化学研究。