The KBS LTER Project: Long-Term Ecological Research in Row-Crop Agriculture

KBS LTER 项目：中耕作物农业的长期生态研究

• 批准号: 0423627
• 负责人: G. Philip Robertson
• 金额: $ 492万
• 依托单位: Michigan State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-12-01 至 2011-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0423627&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: KBS; LTER; Project; Long; Term

Initiated in 1987, the Kellogg Biological Station LTER (KBS) examines basic ecological relationships in field crop ecosystems to better understand internal processes controlling productivity independently of external subsidies (e.g., fertilizers, pesticides). The initial goal remains the same: effectively substituting ecological knowledge and theory in the agronomic management of cropping systems for a reliance on chemically based approaches. Research involves synergistic activities of long-term observations of contrasting cropping systems and successional vegetation, shorter-term field experiments, and modeling. Hypothesis testing relates to patterns and processes underlying ecosystem productivity and nutrient retention, including plant community dynamics, soil microbial populations, insect consumer dynamics, watershed and field-scale biogeochemistry, human interactions, and regional processes. KBS-4 is organized around the same initial hypothesis, albeit with a new conceptual research model and the addition of a new focus on valuation of ecosystem services. The model organizes ecological understanding of field crop ecosystems into components focused on ecological structure (e.g., organisms and their adaptations, population and community assemblages, and habitat structure) vis a vis ecological functions (e.g., biogeochemical processes, energy capture and flow, and hydrodynamics). Linkages between these components largely define the mechanisms that underlie the production of ecosystem goods and services, those products that provide the economic and social rationale for farming. Major research topics include plant community change, microbial processes, controls of arthropod communities, biogeochemical fluxes of solutes and trace gases, human valuation of cropland ecosystem services, and regionalization (scaling up via models).Broader Impacts. KBS is an established leader in developing and using ecological approaches to improving our understanding of agroecosystems. KBS research deals with food production, a topic of global significance, and has ready practical applications to the ongoing development of mid-western US agriculture, as well as the potential to make significant contributions to the more general area of sustainable agriculture. Outreach and educational activities are robust at KBS. Research findings are reaching the media, local and regional agricultural communities, and other key citizen groups influencing land management. KBS places a high priority on connections with agricultural policymaking and global-change issues. Several KBS scientists have testified to Congress on agricultural issues and strong international connections have been forged. The site has a significant on-the-ground outreach program offering a wide range of service and educational opportunities to the broader community including agricultural extension services, informal education, university coursework, research experience for undergraduate and graduate students, and Schoolyard LTER activities for K-12 students and educators. Contributions to the LTER network include the publication of a soils methods synthesis book and participation in the diversity x NPP and LINX network-wide studies. The site is close to full adoption of the Ecological Meta-Language (EML2) format standard to ensure easy data exchange.

Kellogg生物站LTER（KBS）始于1987年，研究了田间作物生态系统中的基本生态关系，以更好地了解独立于外部补贴（例如，肥料，农药）独立于控制生产力的内部过程。最初的目标保持不变：在农作物系统的农艺管理中有效替代生态知识和理论，以依赖基于化学的方法。研究涉及对比鲜明的种植系统和继任植被，较短的现场实验和建模的长期观察的协同活动。假设检验涉及生态系统生产力和养分保留率的模式和过程，包括植物群落动态，土壤微生物种群，昆虫消费者动力学，分水岭和现场规模的生物地球化学，人类相互作用和区域过程。 KBS-4围绕相同的初始假设组织，尽管具有新的概念研究模型，并增加了对生态系统服务评估的新关注。该模型将对田间作物生态系统的生态理解组织为关注生态结构的组成部分（例如生物体及其适应性，人口和社区组合以及栖息地结构），这些组成部分（例如生物地球化学过程，能量捕获和流动和流动动力学）。这些组成部分之间的联系很大程度上定义了生态系统商品和服务生产的机制，这些产品是为耕作提供经济和社会基本原理的产品。主要的研究主题包括植物群落变化，微生物过程，节肢动物群落的控制，溶质和微量气体的生物地球化学通量，人类对农田生态系统服务的估值以及区域化（通过模型扩展）.broader的影响。 KBS是开发和使用生态学方法来改善我们对农业生态系统的理解的既定领导者。 KBS研究涉及粮食生产，这是一个具有全球意义的话题，并为中西部美国农业的持续发展做出了实际应用，并有可能为更重要的可持续农业领域做出重大贡献。 KBS的外展和教育活动很强大。研究结果正在访问媒体，地方和地区农业社区以及影响土地管理的其他主要公民群体。 KBS在与农业决策和全球变化问题的联系上高度重视。几位KBS科学家已经向国会就农业问题作证，并且已经建立了牢固的国际联系。 该网站有一个重要的现场外展计划，为更广泛的社区提供了广泛的服务和教育机会，包括农业推广服务，非正式教育，大学课程，本科生和研究生的研究经验以及K-12学生和教育工作者的校园活动。对lter网络的贡献包括出版土壤方法综合书籍以及参与多样性X NPP和LINX网络范围内的研究。该站点几乎完全采用了生态元语言（EML2）格式标准，以确保简单的数据交换。