CRAEMS: Fundamental Studies of Nanoparticle Formation in Air Pollution

CRAEMS：空气污染中纳米颗粒形成的基础研究

• 批准号: 0410045
• 负责人: Barbara Wyslouzil
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Ohio State University Research Foundation -DO NOT USE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-11-19 至 2007-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0410045&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: CRAEMS; Fundamental; Studies; Nanoparticle; Formation

This Collaborative Research Activities in Environmental Molecular Science (CRAEMS) Award to Worcester Polytechnic Institute is supported by the Special Projects Office in the Chemistry Division. Barbara Wyslouzil is supported by this award for the fundamental study of nanoparticle formation in air pollution. Support is also provided to Doug Doren, Murray Johnston, Hai Wang, and Anthony Wexler at the University of Delaware through subawards. An integrated experimental and theoretical program will be carried out to understand, at a molecular level, the processes of nanoparticle formation that are relevant to air pollution. The topics that will be addressed are (1) nucleation in aqueous systems, (2) soot inception, and (3) the interaction between soot and metals during combustion. Water, water/alcohol and water/nitric acid aerosols will be generated in a supersonic nozzle and characterized by small angle neutron scattering and FTIR. Molecular simulation techniques will be applied to calculate nucleation rates and to address important non-equilibrium effects. Soot particles will be generated in a flat flame burner and characterized by sampling with a scanning mobility particle sizer. Size distributions will be compared to those derived from small angle neutron and x-ray scattering experiments. Molecular composition of the particles will be determined by mass spectrometry. The reaction between metals and soot will be studied by generating particles from ethylene-oxygen flames, seeded with ferrocene. Mathematical models will be developed that incorporate molecular mechanisms of metal oxide particle formation and carbon deposition.Particle nucleation is a key step in many environmental and industrial processes. Refractory particles are formed in combustion and metallurgical processes, while acid-water droplets are produced in stack gases, volcanic plumes and in photochemical reactions in the atmosphere. This research will help define the mechanisms by which they are formed and the role they play in air pollution.

伍斯特理工学院的环境分子科学奖（CRAEMS）奖的合作研究活动得到了化学部特殊项目办公室的支持。 Barbara Wyslouzil获得了该奖项的支持，该奖项是对空气污染中纳米颗粒形成的基本研究的支持。 还向道格·多伦（Doug Doren），默里·约翰斯顿（Murray Johnston），海·王（Hai Wang）和安东尼·韦克斯勒（Anthony Wexler）提供了支持，特拉华大学通过Subawards提供了支持。将进行一项综合实验和理论计划，以了解与空气污染相关的纳米颗粒形成过程。将要解决的主题是（1）水溶液中的成核，（2）烟灰成立，以及（3）燃烧过程中烟灰与金属之间的相互作用。水，水/酒精和水/硝酸气溶胶将在超音速喷嘴中产生，并以小角度中子散射和FTIR为特征。 分子模拟技术将用于计算成核速率并解决重要的非平衡效应。烟灰颗粒将在平坦的火焰燃烧器中产生，并以扫描迁移率粒子固定为特征。 大小分布将与源自小角度中子和X射线散射实验的分布进行比较。颗粒的分子组成将由质谱法确定。金属和烟灰之间的反应将通过从乙烯 - 氧气中产生颗粒，并用二陈代二氧化物。 将开发数学模型，该模型结合了金属氧化物颗粒形成和碳沉积的分子机制。粒子成核是许多环境和工业过程中的关键步骤。 在燃烧和冶金过程中形成难治性颗粒，而酸水液滴是在堆栈气体，火山羽和大气中的光化学反应中产生的。这项研究将有助于定义形成的机制以及它们在空气污染中的作用。