Advance Fellows Award: The WTO and Food Aid:Preserving Humanitarian and Developmental Benefits

高级研究员奖：世贸组织和粮食援助：维护人道主义和发展利益

• 批准号: 0340712
• 负责人: Linda Young
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Montana State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-02-01 至 2009-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0340712&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Advance; Fellows; Award; WTO; Food

The World Trade Organization is conducting negotiations to reduce barriers and subsidies foragricultural trade. A key proposal has emerged that could eliminate the ability of donors,particularly the United States, to give non-emergency food aid in-kind to less developed anddeveloping countries. Currently, one-third of project food aid is sold on recipient country marketsand the funds raised are used to finance a wide variety of development projects, including but notlimited to projects designed to increase food security. However, the food aid sold can have adetrimental impact on local commodity prices, and the resulting price depression and instabilitycan be a disincentive for agricultural production. Many recipient countries are trying to increasetheir agricultural production with the goal of enhancing their food security and increasing theirexport earnings. This research will evaluate (1) the impact of monetized food aid ondeveloping country markets and possible disincentives to agricultural production and (2) thebenefits from the projects sponsored by the funds raised from the monetized food aid. The PI willdevelop relevant models, collect price and market data in selected countries, and estimate theimpact of monetization on case study markets and agricultural sectors. This analysis will bepresented to decision makers in a tradeoffs framework, a highly intuitive graphical analysis. Thiswill enable them to value the social benefits of the market impacts and the development projectsand make corresponding choices. This analysis will be a critical input to the development of WTO rules that preserve the humanitarian and developmental benefits valued by affected countries.This research will extend the PI's empirical evaluation of food aid in the 1990s. Themodels of food aid the PI developed and empirically tested analyze the relationship between foodaid donations and need. Separate models portray the relationship between food aid and (1) needdue to production shortfalls and (2) need as embodied in chronic hunger due to lack of access tofood. The PI's research focus is on issues inherent in economic integration. The PI's researchprogram explores the tension between the realization of domestic policy goals and tradeliberalization and has investigated the impact of policies and institutions on markets and theresulting welfare consequences. The PI's goal with this ADVANCE Fellow Award is to obtain a tenure track position at Montana State University. In this position, she can more effectively participate in the teaching and research mission of the University and engage in the public debate and policy discussion focused on issues due to economic integration. She has developed and taught a pilot class on "Issues of Economic Globalization" and proposes to further develop a web-based platform for this course. This curriculum is one of the broader impacts, as it will provide a basis for the PI to outreach to the many government and non-government entities seeking an enhanced understanding of these issues. The research results will be presented to both academic audiences and to researchers and decision makers in multilateral institutions. Working in developing countries will enhance the PI's ability to form research collaborations with colleagues in these countries. It will also increase her ability to contribute to international research efforts at MSU, many of which involve multiple disciplines. A tenure track position is vital for the PI to be influential in her discipline's leading research forum and to mentor female graduate students and academics.

世界贸易组织正在就减少农产品贸易壁垒和补贴进行谈判。一项关键提案的出现可能会削弱捐助者（尤其是美国）向欠发达国家和发展中国家提供非紧急粮食实物援助的能力。目前，三分之一的粮食援助项目在受援国市场上出售，筹集的资金用于资助各种发展项目，包括但不限于旨在加强粮食安全的项目。然而，出售的粮食援助可能会对当地商品价格产生不利影响，由此导致的价格下跌和不稳定可能会抑制农业生产。许多受援国正在努力增加农业生产，以加强粮食安全和增加出口收入。这项研究将评估（1）货币化粮食援助对发展中国家市场的影响以及对农业生产可能产生的抑制作用；（2）货币化粮食援助筹集的资金赞助的项目的效益。 PI 将开发相关模型，收集选定国家的价格和市场数据，并估计货币化对案例研究市场和农业部门的影响。该分析将在权衡框架中呈现给决策者，这是一种高度直观的图形分析。这将使他们能够重视市场影响和开发项目的社会效益并做出相应的选择。这项分析将成为制定世贸组织规则的重要投入，以保护受影响国家所重视的人道主义和发展利益。这项研究将扩展 PI 对 20 世纪 90 年代粮食援助的实证评估。 PI 开发并经过实证检验的粮食援助模型分析了粮食援助捐赠与需求之间的关系。不同的模型描绘了粮食援助与（1）由于生产短缺而产生的需求和（2）由于缺乏食物而导致的长期饥饿所体现的需求之间的关系。 PI 的研究重点是经济一体化固有的问题。 PI的研究项目探讨了实现国内政策目标与贸易自由化之间的紧张关系，并调查了政策和制度对市场的影响以及由此产生的福利后果。 PI 获得 ADVANCE Fellow 奖的目标是获得蒙大拿州立大学的终身教授职位。在此职位上，她可以更有效地参与大学的教学和研究任务，并参与针对经济一体化问题的公共辩论和政策讨论。她开发并教授了“经济全球化问题”试点课程，并建议进一步开发该课程的网络平台。该课程是具有更广泛影响的课程之一，因为它将为 PI 提供基础，使其能够接触到许多政府和非政府实体，寻求加深对这些问题的理解。 研究结果将呈现给学术受众以及多边机构的研究人员和决策者。在发展中国家工作将增强 PI 与这些国家的同事开展研究合作的能力。它还将提高她为密歇根州立大学的国际研究工作做出贡献的能力，其中许多研究工作涉及多个学科。终身教授职位对于 PI 在其学科领先的研究论坛中发挥影响力以及指导女研究生和学者至关重要。