Advance Fellows Award: The WTO and Food Aid:Preserving Humanitarian and Developmental Benefits

高级研究员奖：世贸组织和粮食援助：维护人道主义和发展利益

• 批准号: 0340712
• 负责人: Linda Young
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Montana State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2004-02-01 至 2009-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0340712&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Advance; Fellows; Award; WTO; Food

The World Trade Organization is conducting negotiations to reduce barriers and subsidies foragricultural trade. A key proposal has emerged that could eliminate the ability of donors,particularly the United States, to give non-emergency food aid in-kind to less developed anddeveloping countries. Currently, one-third of project food aid is sold on recipient country marketsand the funds raised are used to finance a wide variety of development projects, including but notlimited to projects designed to increase food security. However, the food aid sold can have adetrimental impact on local commodity prices, and the resulting price depression and instabilitycan be a disincentive for agricultural production. Many recipient countries are trying to increasetheir agricultural production with the goal of enhancing their food security and increasing theirexport earnings. This research will evaluate (1) the impact of monetized food aid ondeveloping country markets and possible disincentives to agricultural production and (2) thebenefits from the projects sponsored by the funds raised from the monetized food aid. The PI willdevelop relevant models, collect price and market data in selected countries, and estimate theimpact of monetization on case study markets and agricultural sectors. This analysis will bepresented to decision makers in a tradeoffs framework, a highly intuitive graphical analysis. Thiswill enable them to value the social benefits of the market impacts and the development projectsand make corresponding choices. This analysis will be a critical input to the development of WTO rules that preserve the humanitarian and developmental benefits valued by affected countries.This research will extend the PI's empirical evaluation of food aid in the 1990s. Themodels of food aid the PI developed and empirically tested analyze the relationship between foodaid donations and need. Separate models portray the relationship between food aid and (1) needdue to production shortfalls and (2) need as embodied in chronic hunger due to lack of access tofood. The PI's research focus is on issues inherent in economic integration. The PI's researchprogram explores the tension between the realization of domestic policy goals and tradeliberalization and has investigated the impact of policies and institutions on markets and theresulting welfare consequences. The PI's goal with this ADVANCE Fellow Award is to obtain a tenure track position at Montana State University. In this position, she can more effectively participate in the teaching and research mission of the University and engage in the public debate and policy discussion focused on issues due to economic integration. She has developed and taught a pilot class on "Issues of Economic Globalization" and proposes to further develop a web-based platform for this course. This curriculum is one of the broader impacts, as it will provide a basis for the PI to outreach to the many government and non-government entities seeking an enhanced understanding of these issues. The research results will be presented to both academic audiences and to researchers and decision makers in multilateral institutions. Working in developing countries will enhance the PI's ability to form research collaborations with colleagues in these countries. It will also increase her ability to contribute to international research efforts at MSU, many of which involve multiple disciplines. A tenure track position is vital for the PI to be influential in her discipline's leading research forum and to mentor female graduate students and academics.

世界贸易组织正在进行谈判，以减少障碍和补贴疾病。出现了一个关键建议，它可以消除捐助者，特别是美国的能力，使非紧急粮食援助以实物的方式为不足和发展的国家提供现实。目前，在接受者的国家市场上出售了三分之一的项目粮食援助，筹集的资金用于为各种开发项目提供资金，包括但不限制旨在提高粮食安全的项目。但是，售出的粮食援助可能会对当地商品价格产生良好的影响，因此价格抑郁和不稳定的可能是对农业生产的抑制作用。许多接受者国家正试图增加农业生产，目的是提高其粮食安全并增加其过高的收入。这项研究将评估（1）货币化粮食援助企业发展的国家市场的影响，以及可能对农业生产的抑制作用，以及（2）从货币化粮食援助中筹集的资金赞助的项目中的啤酒。 PI将在选定国家 /地区收集相关模型，收集价格和市场数据，并估计案例研究市场和农业部门的货币化影响。这种分析将在权衡框架中提供给决策者，这是一个高度直观的图形分析。这将使他们能够重视市场影响和开发项目的社会利益，并做出相应的选择。这项分析将是对维护生物规则制定的关键意见，该规则保留了受影响国家的人道主义和发展利益。这项研究将扩大PI在1990年代对粮食援助的经验评估。 PI的粮食辅助设备进行了援助，并经验测试分析了粮食捐赠与需求之间的关系。单独的模型描绘了粮食援助和（1）需求与生产短缺的需求与（2）由于缺乏访问毒品而体现在慢性饥饿中的需求。 PI的研究重点是经济整合固有的问题。 PI的研究概况探讨了国内政策目标的实现与交易自由化之间的紧张关系，并研究了政策和机构对市场和特殊福利后果的影响。 PI获得了预先奖的PI目标是在蒙大拿州立大学获得任期轨道职位。在这个职位上，她可以更有效地参与大学的教学和研究使命，并从事公众辩论和政策讨论，重点是由于经济融合而引起的问题。她已经开发了一个有关“经济全球化问题”的试点课程，并建议进一步为本课程开发基于网络的平台。该课程是更广泛的影响之一，因为它将为PI向许多政府和非政府实体宣讲，以寻求增强对这些问题的理解。 该研究结果将向学术受众以及多边机构的研究人员和决策者提出。在发展中国家的工作将增强PI与这些国家的同事进行研究合作的能力。这也将提高她为MSU的国际研究工作做出贡献的能力，其中许多涉及多个学科。统治轨道的职位对于PI在她的学科领先的研究论坛上具有影响力并指导女性研究生和学者至关重要。