Urban Influences on Clouds, Precipitation and Lightning

城市对云、降水和闪电的影响

• 批准号: 0327652
• 负责人: William Cotton
• 金额: $ 22.54万
• 依托单位: Colorado State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Continuing Grant
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-11-01 至 2006-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0327652&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Urban; Influences; Clouds; Precipitation; Lightning; Urban; Influences; Clouds; Precipitation; Lightning

Under this award, the Principal Investigator will continue research on the influence of the urban environment on clouds and precipitation. Under prior NSF support, which was focused on dynamical influences, results of sensitivity experiments have shown that the urban heat island is a factor in inducing deep, moist convection downwind of a major urban area. Surface convergence driven by the urban heat island is enhanced on the leeward side of the city. The nonlinear interaction between urban momentum drag and the urban heat island causes convection downwind of the urban area with a concomitant increase in precipitation. Topography is also shown to impact storm development.Under the current award, the Principal Investigator will undertake the following activities:-Modeling the effects of enhanced cloud condensation nuclei and giant cloud condensation nuclei concentrations on convection.-Idealized modeling and a case study of impacts of an urban area on mesoscale convective systems.-Participation in the Houston Environmental Aerosol Thunderstorm Project (HEAT). HEAT is in the planning stages and is a multi-investigator program designed to investigate the influence of the urban environment on weather. The Principal Investigator's modeling work will be helpful in the planning of this project.-Modeling urban impacts on convection and cloud structures favorable for lightning.This research will contribute to fundamental understanding of the influence of major urban centers on convective storms, lightning, and precipitation. The broader impacts of this research will be on urban land-use planning. The educational benefit is that results of this work will be immediately incorporated in the course content of first year and advanced courses in cloud physics and cloud dynamics, as well as in the textbook "Human Impacts on Weather and Climate" co-authored by the Principal Investigator.

根据该奖项，首席研究人员将继续研究城市环境对云和降水的影响。 在侧重于动态影响的NSF支持下，敏感性实验的结果表明，城市热岛是主要城市地区诱发深层，潮湿的对流的一个因素。 城市的融资岛驱动的地面收敛在城市的背风侧增强了。 城市动量阻力与城市热岛之间的非线性相互作用导致城市地区的对流，降水伴随着。 地形还显示出会影响风暴的发展。在当前奖项之后，主要研究者将进行以下活动： - 建模增强的云凝结核和巨型云凝结核对对流的影响对对流的浓度对对流的建模以及对城市区域的影响对对流的影响的案例研究对中苏斯基对立系统对中等范围的影响。 热量处于计划阶段，是一项旨在调查城市环境对天气的影响的多次评估计划。 首席研究者的建模工作将有助于计划该项目。对对流和有利于闪电的云结构的影响，这项研究将有助于对主要城市中心对对流风暴，闪电和降水的影响的基本了解。 这项研究的更广泛影响将是对城市土地利用规划的影响。 教育收益是，这项工作的结果将立即纳入第一年的课程内容，以及云物理和云动态的高级课程，以及在教科书的“人类对天气和气候的影响”中，由首席研究员共同作者。