Adaptive Color Variation in the Ensatina "Ring Species" Complex: Implications for Ecological Speciation and Mimicry

Ensatina“环物种”复合体中的自适应颜色变化：对生态物种形成和拟态的影响

• 批准号: 0317182
• 负责人: Barry Sinervo
• 金额: $ 19.4万
• 依托单位: University of California-Santa Cruz
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-08-15 至 2006-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0317182&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Adaptive; Color; Variation; Ensatina; Ring

The salamander Ensatina eschscholtzii is a model ring species because it forms a ring of populations around the arid Central Valley of California, with reproductively isolated forms overlapping in southern CA but hybridization where other populations contact. Color patterns of these salamanders are thought to have evolved in response to two conflicting ecological pressures: selection favoring bright warning coloration that mimics highly toxic California Newts versus selection favoring cryptic patterns that blend into forest litter (camouflage). Where these forms come into contact there should be strong selection that favors reproductive isolation and that restricts mating within each subspecies. Color patterns of salamanders at contact zones will be studied with spectroradiographic measurements that record light wavelengths to determine how cryptic forms are camouflaged on the background and how warning-colored forms stand out against background patterns. Color patterns will be manipulated on models to assess predator attacks on pure and hybrid forms. This study addresses basic theories of crypsis and animal perception. It will provide data on how ecological interactions shape evolution of cryptic and warning-colored forms in the evolutionary long term. Such information is important in a general explanation of the evolution of diversity in natural populations.

Salamander Ensatina Eschscholzii是一种模型环物种，因为它在加利福尼亚州干旱中央山谷周围形成了人群，其生殖分离的形式在南部的CA中重叠，但在其他种群接触的地方杂交。 这些sal的颜色模式被认为是响应两个相互矛盾的生态压力而发展的：选择有利于明亮的警告色素，即模仿有毒的加利福尼亚纽特与选择有利于融合到森林垃圾（camouflage）的隐性模式。 这些形式开始接触的地方，应该有强有力的选择，有利于生殖隔离，并限制每个亚种内的交配。 将研究接触区域的sal豆的颜色模式，并使用光谱录像测量值来记录光波长，以确定如何在背景上伪装隐秘形式，以及警告色的形式如何在背景模式下脱颖而出。 颜色模式将在模型上操纵，以评估对纯和混合形式的捕食者攻击。这项研究介绍了CRYPSI和动物感知的基本理论。 它将提供有关生态相互作用如何在长期进化中形成神秘和警告色形式的演变的数据。这种信息在对自然人群多样性演变的一般解释中很重要。