Dissertation Research: Household Ritual, Ceramic Figurines, and Gender in the Hohokam Regional System

论文研究：霍霍卡姆地区体系中的家庭仪式、陶瓷雕像和性别

• 批准号: 0203218
• 负责人: Barbara Mills
• 金额: $ 0.94万
• 依托单位: University of Arizona
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-02-15 至 2004-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0203218&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dissertation; Research; Household; Ritual; Ceramic

Under the direction of Dr. Barbara Mills, Ms. Susan Stinson will collect data for her doctoral dissertation on the Hohokam archaeological region of the Greater Southwest USA. Her research addresses ritual within prehistoric households by determining the function and subsequent discard practices for ceramic figurines. These small figurines were used in Hohokam houses from 300 BC to AD 700 and they often were placed in household trash when discarded. Approximately 1300 figurines in museum collections will be analyzed as part of this project, and most of these were recovered from the two large sites of Snaketown and Grewe in southern Arizona. Hohokam researchers have previously assumed that these figurines were used in community-wide ceremonial activities associated with ballcourts that are similar to those in Mesoamerica. Ms. Stinson will determine whether the figurines were instead part of domestic ritual by testing three different hypotheses for their use: (1) they were used in healing and curing ritual, (2) they were used in ritual designed to promote a connection to deceased relatives (ancestors), or (3) they were used as children's toys. In order to determine figurine function, patterns of construction material, form, wear or damage, and the location and manner of disposal will be analyzed. In addition to these analyses, Ms. Stinson will determine who the producers of these figurines were by examining fingerprint impressions left on the wet clay surface of the figures before they were fired. These fingerprint analyses provide a direct link between the manufacture of figurines and gendered roles within the household. Ridge counting will be used to distinguish between children and adults, and males and females. A ridge count is an objective, quantitative measure of the size of the fingerprint pattern, and it is recorded by counting the number of friction ridges within a certain specified area. Ms. Stinson has already tested this technique on both archaeological ceramics and a set of modern prints from an extended family in the Philippines. This fingerprint technique is new to archaeological research and has the potential to revolutionize how gender roles are assigned in prehistory. This project also contributes to research on households, figurines, and ritual and gender in the household. It tests hypotheses about figurine function in an archaeological region of the American Southwest that have been assumed, but never scientifically tested. The project also assists in training a promising young scientist.

在芭芭拉·米尔斯（Barbara Mills）博士的指导下，苏珊·斯廷森（Susan Stinson）女士将在美国大西南部的霍霍卡姆考古区域收集博士论文的数据。 她的研究通过确定陶瓷小雕像的功能和随后的丢弃练习来解决史前家庭中的仪式。 这些小雕像在公元前300年至公元700年的霍霍克姆房屋中使用，并且在丢弃时通常被放在家用垃圾中。 该项目的一部分将分析博物馆收藏中大约1300个小雕像，其中大多数是从亚利桑那州南部的Snaketown和Grewe的两个大地点中回收的。 Hohokam的研究人员以前曾假定，这些小雕像用于与中美洲相似的舞会相关的社区范围内的仪式活动。 Stinson女士将通过测试三种不同的假设来确定雕像是否是家庭仪式的一部分：（1）它们用于康复和治愈仪式中，（2）它们用于仪式中，以促进与死者亲戚（祖先）的联系，或者（3）它们被用作儿童玩家。 为了确定小雕像功能，将分析建筑材料，形式，磨损或损害的模式以及处置的位置和方式。除了这些分析外，Stinson女士还将通过检查图形湿粘土表面上留下的指纹印象来确定这些小雕像的生产者是谁。 这些指纹分析提供了雕像制造与家庭中性别角色之间的直接联系。 山脊计数将用于区分儿童和成人，男性和女性。 脊计数是指指纹图案大小的客观，定量的度量，它是通过计算特定指定区域内的摩擦脊数来记录的。 Stinson女士已经在考古陶瓷和菲律宾大家庭的一系列现代印刷品上测试了这一技术。 这种指纹技术是考古研究的新手，有可能彻底改变性别角色在史前史上的分配。 该项目还有助于对家庭中家庭，雕像以及仪式和性别的研究。 它检验了关于已假定但从未进行过科学测试的美国西南考古区域中雕像功能的假设。 该项目还有助于培训一位有前途的年轻科学家。