Dissertation Research: Design for a Pluralistic City: Multimodal Transportation in Oakland, California

论文研究：多元化城市设计：加利福尼亚州奥克兰的多式联运

• 批准号: 0115302
• 负责人: Kim Fortun
• 金额: $ 0.8万
• 依托单位: Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-08-01 至 2002-10-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0115302&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Dissertation; Research; Design; Pluralistic; City

This dissertation research project proposes to study the design of urban multimodal transportation in the United States. It will examine interdependent technical, organizational, and cultural changes directed at diversifying existing transportation infrastructures. It includes formal design processes and people's everyday experiences to understand how "the street" and "safety" are negotiated in designing for pedestrian, bicycle, automobile, bus, and rail modes. The organizing concept of multimodal design focuses the research on the negotiation of diversity in designing for multiple and potentially conflicting needs. This project will examine how diverse perspectives on these five modes grapple with the technical, organizational, and cultural inertia of existing infrastructure to design a shared infrastructure that meets the needs of pluralistic populations. In the United States, multimodal transportation is a timely topic because of the possibilities for change afforded by the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA, 1991) and the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA-21, 1998). Following on the completion of the Eisenhower Interstate Highway System, this legislation marks a shift in United States trans-portation policy away from road construction as the primary solution to transportation problems. In response to political concerns over previous highway policy, this legislation also increases the role of metropolitan- and state-level decision making. This research will examine how multimodal design addresses automobile dependence and its attendant problems of air pollution, urban sprawl, and oil dependency by providing viable transportation alternatives in people's everyday lives. It is socially significant for assessing the role of nongovernmental organizations in transportation change, opportunities for broader participation in design, and best practices in design processes, programs, and policies that foster political stability and environmental sustainability. The project uses the city of Oakland, California as a research site including pedestrian, bicycle, automobile, bus, and rail modes. Each mode will be examined through the transportation planners, elected officials, advocates, and residents who shape and are shaped by these modes. One year of field research will use the following data collection methods: 1) thirty-five focused interviews with transportation planners, elected officials, and advocates on the design of multimodal transportation; 2) fifteen informant photography and photo-elicitation interviews with residents on their everyday experiences of urban travel; and 3) participant/observation in public hearings, advocacy meetings, and educational outreach on transportation projects. These three data sets will be analyzed to identify social worlds that negotiate the design of the street and safety for the five transportation modes. The field research will be situated in the context of regional, state, and federal policy and the cultural significance of these transportation modes.

该论文研究项目建议研究美国城市多模式运输的设计。它将研究针对现有运输基础设施多样化的相互依存的技术，组织和文化变革。它包括正式的设计过程和人们的日常体验，以了解在设计行人，自行车，汽车，公共汽车和铁路模式时如何谈判“街道”和“安​​全”。多模式设计的组织概念将研究集中在为多种且潜在的矛盾需求设计时多样性的谈判。该项目将研究这五种模式的各种观点如何应对现有基础设施的技术，组织和文化惯性，以设计满足多元化人群需求的共享基础设施。在美国，多模式运输是一个及时的话题，因为《联运表面运输效率法》（ISTEA，1991）和21世纪的《运输公平法》（Tea-21，1998）所提供的变更可能性。在完成艾森豪威尔州际公路系统之后，该立法标志着美国的跨性交区政策从道路建设中转变为运输问题的主要解决方案。为了应对对先前高速公路政策的政治关注，这项立法还提高了大都会和州级决策的作用。这项研究将研究多模式设计如何通过在人们的日常生活中提供可行的运输替代方案来解决汽车依赖及其空气污染，城市蔓延和石油依赖的问题。它在评估非政府组织在运输变化中的作用，更广泛参与设计的机会以及在设计过程，计划和政策中的最佳实践，从而促进政治稳定和环境可持续性的最佳实践。该项目将加利福尼亚州奥克兰市用作研究地点，包括行人，自行车，汽车，公共汽车和铁路模式。每种模式将通过运输计划者，民选官员，倡导者和由这些模式塑造和塑造的居民进行检查。一年的现场研究将使用以下数据收集方法：1）与运输计划者，当选官员以及有关多模式运输设计的倡导者的三十五个集中访谈； 2）与居民对城市旅行的日常经历进行了15次线人摄影和照片吸气访谈； 3）公开听证会，倡导会议和交通项目的教育宣传中的参与者/观察。将对这三个数据集进行分析，以确定协商五种运输模式的街道设计和安全性的社会世界。现场研究将位于区域，州和联邦政策的背景下，以及这些运输方式的文化意义。