Insights into Earthquake Propagation Processes from the Chelungpu Fault Drilling, Project, Taiwan

台湾车笼埔断层钻探项目洞察地震传播过程

• 批准号: 0098108
• 负责人: James Evans
• 金额: $ 5.92万
• 依托单位: Utah State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-12-15 至 2002-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0098108&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Insights; into; Earthquake; Propagation; Processes

0098108EvansIn September 1999 a large earthquake occurred on the Chelungpu fault in Taiwan. The fault forms the boundary between the highlands of central Taiwan and the coastal plain along the western side of the island. The earthquake resulted in 2400 fatalities, ~$11 billion in damage, and the development of spectacular fault scarps along an 85Km long surface rupture.The Chelengpu rupture illustrates one of the outstanding questions in earthquake rupture dynamics and the related issues of earthquake hazard analysis - how does seismic energy radiate to the ground surface, and what are the near surface conditions that lead to the distribution of slip and ground motion associated with large earthquakes? The Japanese geophysical community, with funding from the Japanese Ministry of Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), plans to address this and related questions by drilling two 300-m holes through the tip of the fault at two sites. These cored holes will examine the character of the fault zone and attempt to address questions regarding the nature of slip propagation in the near surface region. These cored holes provide a unique opportunity to extend our understanding of fault zone structure beyond that typically examined in paleoseismological investigations into a region where very little is known about the structure and composition of the fault zone and its relationship to the radiation or dispersal of seismic energy.This Small Grant for Exploratory Research (SGER) award will allow the Principal Investigator to take advantage of this rare opportunity to investigate the near surface tip zone of a large, recently rupture fault by providing funds for the full suite of borehole geophysical logs and to provide two on-site structural geologists to collaborate on the initial core logging and borehole geophysical logging of the two holes. They will analyze the borehole data, and integrate detailed surface rupture trace maps, bedrock exposure mapping, and shallow seismic reflection data in collaboration with Japanese and Taiwanese geologists, to provide a detailed description of the fault zone, including fault composition and structure, fluid characteristics, location and nature of the high-slip zones. Samples will be collected for further testing and analysis.Drilling will begin in November 2000 and last for approximately two months, thus the time urgency of this SGER request. This work, through international collaboration and integrated methodologies, will provide a detailed view of the processes and structure of a major seismogenic fault in the upper km of the earth, and yield significant new insights into the processes by which seismic energy reaches the earth's surface during large earthquakes.***

0098108EVANSIN 1999年9月，台湾的Chelungpu断层发生了大地震。 断层形成了台湾中部高地与岛西侧的沿海平原之间的边界。 地震造成2400人死亡，约110亿美元的损害，沿着85公里长的地面破裂的壮观断层疤痕的发展。切伦普破裂说明了地震破裂动力学中的一个突出问题之一，地震危险分析的相关问题 - 地面能量分析 - 地面范围内的地面和地面的分配方式与地面相关的条件与地面相关，并在地面上呈现出色，并且分配了距离地面，并分配到地面的分配，并与之相关。 日本地球物理界获得了日本科学技术部（JAMSTEC）的资助，计划通过通过两个地点的故障尖端钻两个300 m的孔来解决这个问题和相关问题。 这些芯孔将检查断层区的特征，并试图解决有关近表面区域滑动传播性质的问题。 这些芯孔提供了一个独特的机会，可以将我们对断层区结构的理解扩展到通常在古糖分学调查中进行检查的区域，该区域对断层区域的结构和组成及其与地震能量的辐射或分散的关系知之甚少，这是探索性研究（SGER）奖励的近乎稀有的调查人员，以利用这一罕见的效果，以利用这一较大的机会，以利用这一罕见的限制区域，以利用这一稀有的效果。钻孔地球物理原木的套件，并提供两个现场结构地质学家，以合作两个孔的初始核心记录和钻孔地球物理记录。 他们将与日本和台湾地质学家合作分析井眼数据，并整合详细的表面破裂痕量图，基岩暴露映射以及浅层地震反射数据，以提供故障区域的详细描述，包括断层组成和结构，结构，流体特征，高slip zones的位置和性质。 将收集样本以进行进一步的测试和分析。Drilling将于2000年11月开始，持续大约两个月，因此该SGER请求的时间紧迫。 这项工作通过国际协作和综合方法，将详细了解地球上公里的主要地震源性断层的过程和结构，并对地震期间地震到达地球表面的过程产生重大新见解。*** *** *** *** ***。