Single nanowire spin-valve based infrared photodetctors and equality bit comparators

基于单纳米线自旋阀的红外光电探测器和等位比较器

• 批准号: 1609303
• 负责人: Supriyo Bandyopadhyay
• 金额: $ 37.5万
• 依托单位: Virginia Commonwealth University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2016-08-01 至 2020-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1609303&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Single; nanowire; spin; valve; based

Infrared light is not visible to the human eye. It is usually detected with semiconductor detectors which exhibit a change in their electrical resistance under infrared illumination. The relative change in resistance at room temperature is, however, quite small, which necessitates cooling the detector with liquid nitrogen. In this research, a novel detector will be demonstrated, which relies on light changing the detector's resistance by affecting the quantum mechanical spin properties of the electrons that carry current. With this principle of detection, it is possible to make the resistance change in the detector much larger at room temperature. Room temperature infrared detectors are used in night vision, forensic science, astronomy, missile defense, car-collision avoidance systems and monitoring of global warming, to name a few. Bit comparators are electronic devices that compare two digital (binary) bits of information and render a yes/no decision based on whether the two bits are the same or different. They are important ingredients of electronic circuits and are typically implemented with transistors which cannot remember the decision once the decision has been rendered. A comparator that exploits spin dependent properties and uses magnetic devices instead of transistors can remember the decision and also use less energy. The ability to remember makes it possible to build superior digital electronic circuits that are faster and more error-resilient. In this research, such a comparator will be demonstrated. This project will also integrate research with graduate and undergraduate education, K-12 outreach through the Dean's Early Research Initiative program, and minority enrichment through the Richmond Minorities in Engineering Partnership.This is a proposal to fabricate and demonstrate two novel spintronic devices - an infrared photodetector and a reconfigurable bit comparator - working at room temperature. They will be fabricated with 10- and 50-nm diameter nanowire spin valves with InSb spacer and cobalt contacts. In the InSb spacer, only a single electronic subband is occupied at room temperature. Preliminary experiments in the lab have shown that in these nanowires, the major spin relaxation mechanism of electrons - namely the D'yakonov-Perel' mechanism - is eliminated owing to single subband occupancy, resulting in several-fold increase in the spin relaxation time. It has also been shown that the spin relaxation time can be modulated with infrared light, which will be exploited to build the photodetector. Such a photodetector can, in principle, exhibit near-zero dark current, giant light-to-dark contrast ratio and very high detectivity which always elude conventional photo-detectors because of phonon excitations. Controlling the magnetization state of a nanomagnet with electrically generated strain has been recently demonstrated in our lab. That property will be leveraged to build the reconfigurable bit comparator with unprecedented energy efficiency. These bit comparators are "non-volatile" since they incorporate magnetic elements and hence the result of the comparison can be stored indefinitely in the comparator. The devices will be fabricated with electrochemical self-assembly of nanowires, electron-beam lithography for patterning ferromagnetic contacts, and dielectrophoresis for capturing a single nanowire between a pair of contacts to implement the photodetector and bit comparator.

红外光是人眼不可见的。通常用半导体探测器来检测，半导体探测器在红外照明下表现出电阻的变化。然而，室温下电阻的相对变化非常小，因此需要用液氮冷却检测器。在这项研究中，将演示一种新型探测器，它依靠光通过影响携带电流的电子的量子力学自旋特性来改变探测器的电阻。利用这种检测原理，可以使检测器在室温下的电阻变化变得更大。室温红外探测器用于夜视、法医学、天文学、导弹防御、汽车防撞系统和全球变暖监测等。 位比较器是比较两个数字（二进制​​）信息位并根据这两个位是否相同或不同做出是/否决定的电子设备。它们是电子电路的重要组成部分，通常用晶体管来实现，一旦做出决定，晶体管就无法记住该决定。利用自旋相关特性并使用磁性器件而不是晶体管的比较器可以记住该决定并且使用更少的能量。记忆能力使得构建更快、更容错的卓越数字电子电路成为可能。在本研究中，将演示这样的比较器。 该项目还将研究与研究生和本科生教育、通过院长早期研究计划计划进行的 K-12 推广以及通过里士满少数族裔工程合作伙伴关系进行少数族裔丰富相结合。这是一项制造和演示两种新型自旋电子器件的提案——红外器件光电探测器和可重构位比较器 - 在室温下工作。它们将采用直径为 10 纳米和 50 纳米的纳米线自旋阀制成，并带有 InSb 间隔物和钴触点。在InSb间隔物中，在室温下仅占据单个电子子带。实验室的初步实验表明，在这些纳米线中，电子的主要自旋弛豫机制（即D'yakonov-Perel'机制）由于单子带占据而被消除，导致自旋弛豫时间增加数倍。研究还表明，可以用红外光来调制自旋弛豫时间，这将用于构建光电探测器。 原则上，这种光电探测器可以表现出接近零的暗电流、巨大的明暗对比度和非常高的探测率，而传统光电探测器由于声子激发而始终无法实现这一点。我们的实验室最近演示了用电产生的应变控制纳米磁体的磁化状态。该特性将被用来构建具有前所未有的能源效率的可重构位比较器。这些位比较器是“非易失性”的，因为它们包含磁性元件，因此比较结果可以无限期地存储在比较器中。这些器件将通过纳米线电化学自组装、用于铁磁接触图案化的电子束光刻以及用于捕获一对接触之间的单根纳米线以实现光电探测器和位比较器的介电泳来制造。

项目成果

Creation and annihilation of non-volatile fixed magnetic skyrmions using voltage control of magnetic anisotropy

利用磁各向异性电压控制非易失性固定磁斯格明子的产生和湮灭

• DOI: 10.1038/s41928-020-0432-x
• 发表时间: 2020-09
• 期刊: Nature Electronics
• 影响因子: 34.3
• 作者: Bhattacharya, Dhritiman;Razavi, Seyed Armin;Wu, Hao;Dai, Bingqian;Wang, Kang L.;Atulasimha, Jayasimha
• 通讯作者: Atulasimha, Jayasimha

Magneto-elastic switching of magnetostrictive nanomagnets with in-plane anisotropy: the effect of material defects

具有面内各向异性的磁致伸缩纳米磁体的磁弹性切换：材料缺陷的影响

• DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aadb6a
• 发表时间: 2018-03-15
• 期刊: Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter
• 作者: Md Ahsanul Abeed;J. Atulasimha;Supriyo B;yopadhyay;yopadhyay
• 通讯作者: yopadhyay

Energy-efficient switching of nanomagnets for computing: straintronics and other methodologies

用于计算的纳米磁体的节能切换：应变电子学和其他方法

• DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aad65d
• 发表时间: 2018-08-29
• 期刊: Nanotechnology
• 影响因子: 3.5
• 作者: N. D'Souza;A. Biswas;Hasnain Ahmad;Mohammad Salehi Fashami;M. Al;Vimal Sampath;Dhritiman Bhattacharya
• 通讯作者: Dhritiman Bhattacharya

Experimental Demonstration of Complete 180° Reversal of Magnetization in Isolated Co Nanomagnets on a PMN–PT Substrate with Voltage Generated Strain

在具有电压产生应变的 PMN-PT 基底上，隔离 Co 纳米磁体磁化完全 180° 反转的实验演示

• DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b00439
• 发表时间: 2017-05
• 期刊: Nano Letters
• 影响因子: 10.8
• 作者: Biswas, Ayan Kumar;Ahmad, Hasnain;Atulasimha, Jayasimha;Bandyopadhyay, Supriyo
• 通讯作者: Bandyopadhyay, Supriyo