Molecular Phylogenetics and a Time Scale for Diversification of the Higher Flies (Diptera: Eremoneura)

分子系统发育学和高等果蝇多样化的时间尺度（双翅目：Eremoneura）

• 批准号: 0089745
• 负责人: Brian Wiegmann
• 金额: $ 25.5万
• 依托单位: North Carolina State University
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 项目类别: Standard Grant
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-04-15 至 2005-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=0089745&HistoricalAwards=false
• 关键词: Molecular; Phylogenetics; Time; Scale; Diversification

DEB-0089745Brian M. WiegmannDrs. Brian Wiegmann and Jeffrey L. Thorne of North Carolina State University have been awarded a grant to study phylogenetic relationships of an economically important instect group. With nearly 60,000 described species, the Eremoneura, or higher-flies (Insecta: Diptera: Brachycera), are among the largest and most successful of Mesozoic-aged insect radiations. Conflicting morphological interpretations have fueled a debate over the relationships of the major subgroups within Eremoneura. The basal lineages of the two major eremoneuran groups, Empidoidea and Cyclorrhapha, have been particularly controversial. Despite recent attention, no molecular studies have yet addressed eremoneuran classification. This collaborative project will synthesize morphological and molecular evidence to reconstruct the timing and pattern of basal eremoneuran evolution. Recently proposed methods for estimating divergence times from nucleotide sequence data do not require the biologically implausible assumption that rates of molecular evolution are constant over time. Such methods for estimating divergence times are promising but have not yet received adequate evaluation or refinement. Eremoneuran relationships that are elucidated within this project, and recent compilations of fossil evidence will serve as a test system for the ability of new methods to estimate divergence times. Analyses will be carried out to: 1) test published hypotheses for the basal family-group relationships of Eremoneura, 2) test the monophyly of the Empidoidea and its position as proposed sister-group to the Cyclorrhapha, 3) reconstruct eremoneuran divergence times and test the robustness of divergence time estimation methods to differing genes and tree topologies, Molecular phylogenies and a reconstructed time scale for eremoneuran Diptera will be extremely valuable because Diptera are model systems for genetic, developmental, and evolutionary biology. Integration of molecular and morphological evidence on brachyceran phylogeny will ultimately provide a framework for uncovering patterns and causes associated with major Mesozoic-aged insect radiations.

deb-0089745Brian M. Wiegmanndrs。北卡罗来纳州立大学的布莱恩·威格曼（Brian Wiegmann）和杰弗里·索恩（Jeffrey L. 有近60,000种描述的物种，eremoneura或更高薄荷（昆虫：双翅目：腕足是），是中生代最大，​​最成功的中生代昆虫辐射之一。 相互矛盾的形态解释引发了关于Eremoneura中主要子组关系的辩论。两个主要的eremoneuran群体（empidoidea and cyclorrhapha）的基底谱系特别有争议。尽管最近关注，但尚未分子研究尚未解决eremoneuraur族分类。这个协作项目将综合形态学和分子证据，以重建基础eremoneuran进化的时机和模式。最近提出的用于估计核苷酸序列数据差异时间的方法不需要生物学上令人难以置信的假设，即分子进化速率随着时间的推移是恒定的。 这种估计分歧时间的方法是有希望的，但尚未获得足够的评估或改进。 在该项目中阐明的eremoneuran关系以及最近的化石证据汇编将作为新方法估计分歧时间的能力的测试系统。 分析将进行以下分析：1）测试eremoneura基础家庭群体关系的测试假设，2）测试empidoidea的单亲性及其对cyclorhapha的姐妹群的位置，3）重建eremoneran差异时间，并测试分解量和树的稳健性，并测试了分数估计和树的稳健性，并测试了分子的稳健性，并测试了杂物的稳健性。重建的EREMONERARAN双翅目的重建时间尺度将非常有价值，因为双翅目是用于遗传，发育和进化生物学的模型系统。 在腕甲疗法上的分子和形态证据的整合最终将为发现与主要中生代昆虫辐射相关的模式和原因提供一个框架。